Performance tests of a new non-invasive sensor unit and ultrasound electronics

Kotze, Reinhardt; Ricci, Stefano; Birkhofer, Beat; Wiklund, Johan

doi:10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2015.08.013

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The UVP + PD concept and methodology is well described in several publications; see, e.g., Wiklund et al (2007), Kotzé et al (2008Kotzé et al ( , 2012Kotzé et al ( , 2014b and Birkhofer et al (2008); and will therefore not be described in detail in this article. A brief description is given in the next section.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The configuration provides optimum acoustic beam properties, such as, beam forming, focusing and coupling. More information can be found in Wiklund et al (2014) and Kotzé et al (2014b).The objective of this research work was to evaluate the non-invasive ultrasound sensor and UVP + PD technique for in-line rheology measurement of wastewater sludge. Three concentration secondary wastewater sludges were tested in order to investigate the capabilities of the in-line ultrasound technique for different viscosities and fluid properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-line rheological characterisation of wastewater sludges using non-invasive ultrasound sensor technology

Kotze¹,

Haldenwang²,

Fester³

et al. 2015

WSA

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The performance of a new ultrasound transducer, which can measure velocity profiles non-invasively through high-grade stainless steel pipes, was evaluated for the first time with secondary wastewater sludges. This work is a follow-up study on the feasibility work initially done by the same authors. In-line process control based on accurate rheological characterisation for treated wastewater sludge could lead to significant savings in chemicals and will optimise dewatering processes producing drier sludges. In this work, a wastewater sludge at three concentrations was tested in order to investigate the capabilities of the in-line ultrasound technique for different viscosities and fluid properties. The rheological parameters obtained using the new ultrasound sensor and ultrasonic velocity profiling with combined pressure difference (UVP + PD) technique were compared with results obtained using conventional tube viscometry. Comparison with tube viscometer results showed that yield stresses could be overestimated by 120% if data are not available in the low shear-rate ranges. This non-invasive transducer proved to be sensitive enough to obtain flow curves over a large shear-rate range, improving the prediction of the yield stress and requiring about 50% less energy than the invasive system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-line rheological characterisation of wastewater sludges using non-invasive ultrasound sensor technology

Kotze¹,

Haldenwang²,

Fester³

et al. 2015

WSA

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“…Doppler ultrasound is employed in several applications, like the monitoring of industrial processes [1,2], biomedical investigations [3], and non-destructive tests [4]. In pulse-wave Doppler ultrasound, the signal received among subsequent echoes includes information about the displacement-and thus the velocity-of the particles that originated the echo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some advanced techniques are based on the detection of the maximum frequency present in the Doppler spectrum [7,8], while others employ mathematical models of the spectrum [9]. The assessment of the spectrum centroid, i.e., the center of mass, is one of the most commonly used approaches: (2) where PSD is the Power Spectral Density of the Doppler spectrum in the normalized frequency range − 0.5 to + 0.5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In real-time applications, where the Doppler frequency should be evaluated hundreds of thousands of times per second, Equation (2) is sometimes approximated with the frequency that corresponds to the position of the spectrum peak. As shown in the following part of the paper, this approximation allows an easily hardware implementation, but features a lower precision with respect to Equation (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FPGA-Based Doppler Frequency Estimator for Real-Time Velocimetry

Ricci

Meacci

2020

Electronics

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In range-Doppler ultrasound applications, the velocity of a target can be measured by transmitting a mechanical wave, and by evaluating the Doppler shift present on the received echo. Unfortunately, detecting the Doppler shift from the received Doppler spectrum is not a trivial task, and several complex estimators, with different features and performance, have been proposed in the literature for achieving this goal. In several real-time applications, hundreds of thousands of velocity estimates must be produced per second, and not all of the proposed estimators are capable of performing at these high rates. In these challenging conditions, the most widely used approaches are the full centroid frequency estimate or the simple localization of the position of the spectrum peak. The first is more accurate, but the latter features a very quick and straightforward implementation. In this work, we propose an alternative Doppler frequency estimator that merges the advantages of the aforementioned approaches. It exploits the spectrum peak to get an approximate position of the Doppler frequency. Then, centered in this position, a centroid search is applied on a reduced frequency interval to refine the estimate. Doppler simulations are used to compare the accuracy and precision performance of the proposed algorithm with respect to current state of the art approaches. Finally, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation is proposed that is capable of producing more than 200 k low noise estimates per second, which is suitable for the most demanding real-time applications.

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Monitoring Rheological Changes Using Acoustic Emissions for Complex Formulated Fluids Manufacturing

Hefft,

Blake,

Farhoud

et al. 2023

Chem Eng & Technol

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The measurement capabilities of a newly developed in‐situ rheometric device based on a single passive acoustic emission sensor and machine learning algorithms were investigated. Two surfactant structured fluids demonstrating complex non‐Newtonian rheology (Power‐law and Herschel‐Bulkley models) were examined. Furthermore, a static evaluation on the laboratory scale in comparison to dynamic processing on the pilot scale was conducted. The results indicate that the machine learning algorithms of this technology can identify, in > 90 % of scenarios, the correct type of rheology or the manufacturing process step across both scales. This identification is based on solving a classification problem using quadratic support vector machine learning algorithms, which have proven to deliver the most robust predictions across a choice of 24 different algorithms tested. Additionally, a new format of in situ rheology display was introduced, referred to as RRF™ factor.

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Performance tests of a new non-invasive sensor unit and ultrasound electronics

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

In-line rheological characterisation of wastewater sludges using non-invasive ultrasound sensor technology

In-line rheological characterisation of wastewater sludges using non-invasive ultrasound sensor technology

FPGA-Based Doppler Frequency Estimator for Real-Time Velocimetry

Monitoring Rheological Changes Using Acoustic Emissions for Complex Formulated Fluids Manufacturing

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