Performance testing of the liquid nitrogen cooled sorption cryopump for application in SST-1 Tokamak

Gupta, Vishal; Gangradey, Ranjana; Mukherjee, Sayantan; Mishra, Jyoti; Nayak, Pratik; Panchal, P.; Tanna, V. L.; Paravastu, Yuvakiran; Raval, Dilip C; Khan, Ziauddin; George, Siju; Garg, Atul; Srikanth, L N; Dewasi, Avijit; Verma, Shashi Kant; Dutta, Rohan; Agravat, Hemang S.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113212

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), India, in collaboration with industry, is indigenously developing various materials, such as activated charcoal, adhesives and highemissivity black paints, for cryopumps and other thermal and space-related applications. IPR is repeatedly using activated charcoal pasted over conducting panels, using indigenously developed cryo-compatible adhesive as the sorption material and kept around 80 K in the cryo-sorption pumps [18][19][20]. While designing a cryopump, Gupta et al [21] noticed radiation as the dominating heat load when compared to the conduction and residual gas conduction (RGC) heat load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of a novel apparatus to measure the emissivity of high-roughness materials at 82 K

Dewasi,

Gangradey,

Mukherjee

et al. 2023

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Emissivity of a material changes with temperature. The knowledge of emissivity plays an important role in the estimation of radiation heat load in cryogenic systems. As the values of emissivity of different materials at cryogenic temperature are scarcely available in literature, room temperature emissivity values are extensively used to estimate radiation heat load in a cryogenic system. This might lead to a significant deviation between the predicted and actual radiation properties at cryogenic temperature. Therefore, in the present work, an apparatus is developed based on calorimetric technique for measuring emissivity of an opaque material around 82 K. The novelties of the apparatus are compact size, ease of sample handling, lower time required to reach thermal equilibrium and most importantly, capacity to measure emissivity of a sample of high roughness. To understand the effectiveness of low and high emissivity coated heat radiators for the system, a theoretical as well as an experimental approach has been followed. It is found that the high emissive heat radiator led to a significant reduction in the time required to reach the thermal equilibrium as compared to a low-emissive heat radiator. To verify and validate this setup, emissivity of the Aeroglaze Z306 (high emissivity) and Cu (low emissivity) is measured and compared with the values reported in the literature. Finally, the work has been extended to measure emissivity at cryogenic temperature for the first time for PU1, SG121FD, and the indigenously developed novel materials such as black paints, adhesive and activated charcoals of different granule sizes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of a novel apparatus to measure the emissivity of high-roughness materials at 82 K

Dewasi,

Gangradey,

Mukherjee

et al. 2023

Meas. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

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“…Similar to the other configurations of that time, the DEMO strategy was to have large high power devices (∼3 GW) by using LTS magnets and a conventional aspect ratio of ∼3. The progress in the domestic fusion research has led to new laboratories for the development and testing of technologies that are relevant for DEMO such as RF and neutral beam heating, pellet injection and pumping, divertor, magnet, blanket, fuel cycle, remote handling, D-T neutron generator, and cryogenics while continuing to work on ITER deliverables [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. The key drivers for a revision of the strategy are cost reduction, construction-time minimization, modularity, smaller units with shared infrastructure, deeper involvement of industries both, in design and in investment and exploitation of innovations in plasma and fusion science.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been an initiation of the above activities in the form of creation of several dedicated laboratories at the Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, India[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][47][48][49]. Some of these have been built for development and testing of systems that are a part of India's in-kind deliverables to ITER.…”

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confidence: 99%

A staged approach to Indian DEMO

Deshpande,

Maya

2023

Nucl. Fusion

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We present a revised strategy for Indian DEMO in the context of new technologies and concepts in fusion research. The central idea behind the new strategy is that the power plant is a reactor-park consisting of multiple, preferably compact, reactors with moderate fusion power ($\sim$ 1000 MW) with 35~\% to 50 \% availability for each. The DEMO is a single net electricity producing unit that becomes the basis for replication into multiple units on a commercial scale. One of the key enablers for the revised strategy is the emergence of high-temperature superconductors for high field magnets. For a steady-state burn we show that there exists an optimum regimeof plasma β and confinement where the fusion gain is maximum. Thus, we adopt a strategy with moderate confinement regimes and plasma $\beta$. This makes current drive a necessity for the reactors. Based on these considerations a four-stage approach to DEMO is proposed. It is argued that an electricity producing pilot plant with fusion power of 200 MW - 300 MW is needed before the DEMO to establish the power performance, tritium breeding and its re-use over sufficiently long pulses. An integrated test facility must precede the pilot to test and qualify the technologies for the pilot stage. The revised approach takes into account realistic assumptions on power balance, current drive efficiency and magnet lifetime-dose; factors that pose constraints in identifying potential reactor configurations. Parameter choices for possible options for the integrated test facility (Fusion Engineering Science and Test - FEST), pilot plant and DEMO are presented that can be used to initiate conceptual designs and directed R\&D.

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Experience of pumping the vacuum vessel of SST-1 during the baking cycle with indigenously developed liquid nitrogen cooled sorption pump

Gupta,

Mukherjee,

Dewasi

et al. 2023

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Performance testing of the liquid nitrogen cooled sorption cryopump for application in SST-1 Tokamak

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

The development of a novel apparatus to measure the emissivity of high-roughness materials at 82 K

The development of a novel apparatus to measure the emissivity of high-roughness materials at 82 K

A staged approach to Indian DEMO

Experience of pumping the vacuum vessel of SST-1 during the baking cycle with indigenously developed liquid nitrogen cooled sorption pump

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