Performance Studies of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Systems With Spatial Diversity: MIMO Scheme

Jamali, Mohammad Vahid; Salehi, Jawad A.; Akhoundi, Farhad

doi:10.1109/tcomm.2016.2642943

Cited by 219 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Applications to Performance Analysis 1) Outage Probability: The outage probability, P out , is defined as the probability that the instantaneous SNR, γ, falls below a certain specified threshold, γ th , which is considered as a protection value of the SNR above which the channel quality is satisfactory. Mathematically speaking, P out is the CDF of γ given in (22) evaluated at γ th , that is,…”

Section: Momentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unified Statistical Channel Model for Turbulence-Induced Fading in Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Systems

Zedini

Oubei

Kammoun

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Commun.

190

169

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A unified statistical model is proposed to characterize turbulence-induced fading in underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) channels in the presence of air bubbles and temperature gradient for fresh and salty waters, based on experimental data. In this model, the channel irradiance fluctuations are characterized by the mixture Exponential-Generalized Gamma (EGG) distribution. We use the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to obtain the maximum likelihood parameter estimation of the new model. Interestingly, the proposed model is shown to provide a perfect fit with the measured data under all channel conditions for both types of water. The major advantage of the new model is that it has a simple mathematical form making it attractive from a performance analysis point of view.Indeed, we show that the application of the EGG model leads to closed-form and analytically tractable expressions for key UWOC system performance metrics such as the outage probability, the average biterror rate, and the ergodic capacity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first-ever comprehensive channel model addressing the statistics of optical beam irradiance fluctuations in underwater wireless optical channels due to both air bubbles and temperature gradient. E. Zedini and M. Hamdi are with the College Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC), channel modeling, distribution fitting, maximum likelihood estimation, expectation maximization algorithm, mixture models, performance analysis, outage probability, bit-error rate (BER), ergodic capacity. I. INTRODUCTION Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems have recently attracted considerable research attention as an appropriate and efficient transmission solution for a variety of underwater applications including offshore oil field exploration, oceanographic data collection, maritime archaeology, environmental monitoring, disaster prevention, and port security among others [1]. This rapidly growing interest stems from the recent advances in signal processing, digital communication, and low-cost visible light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LD) that have the lowest attenuation in seawater [2]-[5]. UWOC systems, operating in the blue/green portion of the spectrum in the 400-550 nm wavelength band, promise high data rates, low-latency, high transmission security, and reduced energy consumption, compared with their acoustic counterparts [1], [6], [7]. Nevertheless, the reliability of such systems is highly affected by absorption and scattering effects [1] as well as underwater optical turbulence (UOT). The identification of an accurate description for the absorption and scattering effects in UWOC channels has been extensively addressed in several recent works [8]-[10]. UOT results from rapid changes in the refractive index of the water caused by temperature fluctuations, salinity variations as well as the presence of air bubbles in seawater that affects the propagation of optical signals [11]-[13]. In oceans, air bubbles are produced by breakin...

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Section: Momentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unified Statistical Channel Model for Turbulence-Induced Fading in Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Systems

Zedini

Oubei

Kammoun

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Commun.

190

169

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“…The performance of OOK severely degrades with the channel variations, thus, a dynamic threshold mechanism can improve the overall performance by updating the detection threshold according to the channel state estimation [128]. The low power consumption, bandwidth efficiency, and simplicity makes OOK a popular and practical scheme which is theoretically and experimentally studied for UOWC in [97], [129], [130]. b) Pulse Position Modulation (PPM): PPM is one of the most widely used techniques which modulates each of M transmitted bits as a pulse within 2 M time slots whose position corresponds to the message sent.…”

Section: Optical Wireless Modulation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) Serial Relaying and PAT Mechanisms: Serial transmission (a.k.a. multihop transmission) employs the relaying nodes in a serial configuration along a certain routing path [97], [175], [182], which is especially beneficial to extend the communication range and expand the cell coverage in ad hoc and cellular UOWNs. In [182], authors exploited the serial relaying to expand the coverage area of OCDMA based UOWNs.…”

Section: A Relaying Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [97], end-to-end BER performance of a multi-hop transmission was analytically evaluated by using single-hop BER expression as a building block. Authors in [97], [182] have applied Gauss Hermite quadrature formula and derived the closed-form BER solution under the lognormal fading channel. In [97], end-to-end BER performance is obtained by assuming that each hop experience the same error of probability, which may not be the case in reality.…”

Section: A Relaying Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Underwater optical wireless communications, networking, and localization: A survey

et al. 2019

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Underwater wireless communications can be carried out through acoustic, radio frequency (RF), and optical waves. Compared to its bandwidth limited acoustic and RF counterparts, underwater optical wireless communications (UOWCs) can support higher data rates at low latency levels. However, severe aquatic channel conditions (e.g., absorption, scattering, turbulence, etc.) pose great challenges for UOWCs and significantly reduce the attainable communication ranges, which necessitates efficient networking and localization solutions. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive survey on the challenges, advances, and prospects of underwater optical wireless networks (UOWNs) from a layer by layer perspective which includes: 1) Potential network architectures; 2) Physical layer issues including propagation characteristics, channel modeling, and modulation techniques 3) Data link layer problems covering link configurations, link budgets, performance metrics, and multiple access schemes; 4) Network layer topics containing relaying techniques and potential routing algorithms; 5) Transport layer subjects such as connectivity, reliability, flow and congestion control; 6) Application layer goals and state-of-the-art UOWN applications, and 7) Localization and its impacts on UOWN layers. Finally, we outline the open research challenges and point out the future directions for underwater optical wireless communications, networking, and localization research.

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“…41) MIMO increases the signal-capture power by using several light sources to temporally combine multipath data streams to improve the overall SNR.…”

Section: Transmission Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light based underwater wireless communications

Oubei

Shen

Kammoun

et al. 2018

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

108

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Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) is a wireless communication technology that uses visible light to transmit data in underwater environment. Compared to radio-frequency (RF) and acoustic underwater techniques, UWOC has many advantages including large information bandwidth, unlicensed spectrum and low power requirements. This review paper provides an overview of the latest UWOC research. Additionally, we present a detailed description of transmitter and receiver technologies which are key components of UWOC systems. Moreover, studies investigating underwater optical channel models for both simple attenuation and the impact of turbulence including air bubbles and inhomogeneous salinity and temperature are also described. Future research challenges are identified and outlined.

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Performance Studies of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Systems With Spatial Diversity: MIMO Scheme

Cited by 219 publications

References 32 publications

Unified Statistical Channel Model for Turbulence-Induced Fading in Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Systems

Unified Statistical Channel Model for Turbulence-Induced Fading in Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Systems

Underwater optical wireless communications, networking, and localization: A survey

Light based underwater wireless communications

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