Performance prediction of PEM fuel cell cathode catalyst layer using agglomerate model

Optimization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell catalyst layer with bidirectionally-graded composition

“…Several researchers have used numerical modeling to study the effect of varying CL composition [15][16][17][19][20][21], and its spatiallygraded distribution [22][23][24][25]. On the other hand, only a limited number of studies have attempted to mathematically optimize CL composition and the spatial distribution of its constituent materials.…”

Application of a Coated Film Catalyst Layer Model to a High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell with Low Catalyst Loading Produced by Reactive Spray Deposition Technology

“…In the case of phosphoric acid fuel cells, it was argued by Scott et al, that the gas phase diffusion resistance was negligible compared to the diffusion through the coated film [41,42]. The final approach is the catalyst agglomerate model [32,40,41,[43][44][45][46][47][48]. This approach is the most complex and generally considered to be the most complete for most catalyst layer structures.…”

Effective diffusivity of polymer electrolyte fuel cell gas diffusion layers: An overview and numerical study

“…Unlike homogenous models for the catalyst layers, both the activation and concentration losses can be accurately captured by the 'agglomerate model' for the catalyst layers. In other words, the agglomerate model eliminates the need to use empirical terms that are normally used to capture the concentrations losses [54]. For more details about the agglomerate model and its other variants, the reader is referred to the references [47,53e59].…”