Performance of tungsten nitride compound surfaces to resist sputtering under intense irradiation in nuclear fusion reactors

Yu, Pengfei; Pan, Bicai

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154072

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In addition to its unique electronic properties tungsten nitride is expected to show superior mechanical performance and environmental stability . Moreover, previous work indicated that the bonding strength of tungsten nitrides could be translated into enhanced resilience to sputter-induced damage in nuclear fusion reactors …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Moreover, previous work indicated that the bonding strength of tungsten nitrides could be translated into enhanced resilience to sputter-induced damage in nuclear fusion reactors. 17 To investigate this hypothesis, we conduct prolonged argon plasma bombardment that produces kinetic damage and destroys graphene within 30 s, as demonstrated by the absence of a Raman signal (Figure 4a). Conversely, W 5 N 6 retains its strong Raman signal after 30 s and remains even after 15 min of bombardment, which indicates its high resilience to kinetic damage (Figure 4b).…”

Section: Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tungsten Nitride (W₅N₆): An Ultraresilient 2D Semimetal

Chin,

Wang,

Gulo

et al. 2023

Nano Lett.

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Two-dimensional transition metal nitrides offer intriguing possibilities for achieving novel electronic and mechanical functionality owing to their distinctive and tunable bonding characteristics compared to other 2D materials. We demonstrate here the enabling effects of strong bonding on the morphology and functionality of 2D tungsten nitrides. The employed bottom-up synthesis experienced a unique substrate stabilization effect beyond van-der-Waals epitaxy that favored W 5 N 6 over lower metal nitrides. Comprehensive structural and electronic characterization reveals that monolayer W 5 N 6 can be synthesized at large scale and shows semimetallic behavior with an intriguing indirect band structure. Moreover, the material exhibits exceptional resilience against mechanical damage and chemical reactions. Leveraging these electronic properties and robustness, we demonstrate the application of W 5 N 6 as atomic-scale dry etch stops that allow the integration of high-performance 2D materials contacts. These findings highlight the potential of 2D transition metal nitrides for realizing advanced electronic devices and functional interfaces.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tungsten Nitride (W₅N₆): An Ultraresilient 2D Semimetal

Chin,

Wang,

Gulo

et al. 2023

Nano Lett.

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“…Before closing this paper, it is crucial to underline the behavior of N atoms in WN x compounds within the scope of nuclear fusion reactors [16,35,37,53]. In a nuclear fusion reactor, the removal of N atoms is promoted through irradiation sputtering, thereby resulting in an increased presence of N vacancies in WN x materials.…”

Section: Hexagonal H-w 2 Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, previous efforts have shown that irradiation can induce various defects in WN x compounds, like atomic vacancies and hydrogen impurity [35][36][37][38][39][40] . In general, the presence of these defects will have signi cant effects on the thermal transport properties of materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vacancy defects on thermal transport properties of tungsten nitride compounds on divertor surface in ITER

Pan,

2023

Preprint

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In Tokomak, tungsten nitrides (WNx) films that form on the surface of the divertor are a byproduct of the nitrogen seeding system. The impact of their thermal transport properties is an important issue. Leveraging density functional theory calculations along with the Kubo-Greenwood method, we investigate how vacancy defects influence the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of h-W2N1, β-W1N1, and h-W2N3, respectively. Our findings suggest that both nitrogen vacancy and tungsten vacancy defects can suppress the electrical and thermal conductivities of h-W2N1 and β-W1N1 to some extent, with the tungsten vacancy having a more considerable effect than the nitrogen vacancy. Conversely, for h-W2N3, both types of vacancy defects can enhance its electrical and thermal conductivities. Furthermore, we reveal that the fluctuation in the electrical conductivity of the three WNx compounds correlates with the changes in the density of states at the fermi energy level induced by the vacancies for each system. The insights gleaned from our findings are beneficial for the assessment and comprehension of the thermal conductivity performance of WNx films on the divertor surface.

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“…W and its alloys have been widely studied for their potential to be used as a candidate material for fusion reactor divertor (plasma-facing first wall) since they have superior characteristics (such as high melting point, low sputtering rate and low tritium retention, et al) [ 1 , 2 ], compared with other nuclear materials (low activation steels [ 3 ], vanadium alloys [ 4 ], SiC/SiC composites [ 5 ], Zr-based alloys [ 6 ], etc.). In a fusion reactor, materials would be subjected to extreme conditions, such as high-energy, high-flux density neutron irradiation, high-concentration H/He plasma irradiation and high thermal load [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. At the same time, transmutation elements (such as Re and Os elements) would be produced in the materials during neutron irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Rhenium Content on Microstructural Changes and Irradiated Hardening in W-Re Alloy under High-Dose Ion Irradiation

Luo

Liu

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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An amount of 100 dpa Si2+ irradiation was used to study the effect of transmutation rhenium content on irradiated microscopic defects and hardening in W-xRe (x = 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt.%) alloys at 550 °C. The increase in Re content could significantly refine the grain in the W-xRe alloys, and no obvious surface topography change could be found after high-dose irradiation via the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The micro defects induced by high-dose irradiation in W and W-3Re alloys were observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Dislocation loops with a size larger than 10 nm could be found in both W and W-3Re alloy, but the distribution of them was different. The distribution of the dislocation loops was more uniform in pure W, while they seemed to be clustered around some locations in W-3Re alloy. Voids (~2.4 nm) were observed in W-3Re alloy, while no void was investigated in W. High-dose irradiation induced obvious hardening with the hardening rate between 75% and 155% in all W-xRe alloys, but W-3Re alloy had the lowest hardening rate (75%). The main reasons might be related to the smallest grain size in W-3Re alloy, which suppressed the formation of defect clusters and induced smaller hardening than that in other samples.

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Performance of tungsten nitride compound surfaces to resist sputtering under intense irradiation in nuclear fusion reactors

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Tungsten Nitride (W₅N₆): An Ultraresilient 2D Semimetal

Tungsten Nitride (W₅N₆): An Ultraresilient 2D Semimetal

Effect of vacancy defects on thermal transport properties of tungsten nitride compounds on divertor surface in ITER

The Effect of Rhenium Content on Microstructural Changes and Irradiated Hardening in W-Re Alloy under High-Dose Ion Irradiation

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Performance of tungsten nitride compound surfaces to resist sputtering under intense irradiation in nuclear fusion reactors

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Tungsten Nitride (W5N6): An Ultraresilient 2D Semimetal

Tungsten Nitride (W5N6): An Ultraresilient 2D Semimetal

Effect of vacancy defects on thermal transport properties of tungsten nitride compounds on divertor surface in ITER

The Effect of Rhenium Content on Microstructural Changes and Irradiated Hardening in W-Re Alloy under High-Dose Ion Irradiation

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Product

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Tungsten Nitride (W₅N₆): An Ultraresilient 2D Semimetal

Tungsten Nitride (W₅N₆): An Ultraresilient 2D Semimetal