Performance of Transparent Metallic Thin Films

Abstract

The ability to maintain high electrical conductivity and optical transparency simultaneously under mechanical deformation has made transparent metallic films (TMFs) the best candidates among transparent conductive films (TCFs). However, there is a lack of suitable models to predict the overall performance of the TMFs. Here, empirical relationships for resistance R s based on the network resistor model, Kirchoff's rules, and the thickness-dependent resistivity and transmission T based on the effective medium theory, the geometric model, and the Beer−Lambert law are proposed. A systematic thickness t-and perforation area ratio PR-dependent study on the silver nanohole array TMF has been performed. Both models fit well with our experimental data as well as the data reported in the literature, regardless of the lattice structure of the TMFs. A general and comprehensive figure-of-merit (FOM) expression for TMFs, Φ = T β /R s , is obtained. Both the experimental data and the theoretical predictions show that β = 5 is better to characterize the performance of nanohole array TMFs as compared to β = 10 for TCFs. The observed empirical models and the FOM expression not only can be used to assess the overall quality of any type of TMFs but also provide guidance for fabrication.

Structure and Optical Property Prediction of 2D Plasmonic Photonic Crystals Fabricated by Shadow Sphere Lithography

“…For example, Lee et al fabricated Ag 1-NH structures and found that their optical properties matched well with FDTD calculations . We also compared the experimental results and calculations of optical properties of Ag 1-NH and even oval NH, they were quite consistent. However, sometimes, even for 1-NT structures, the numerically predicted optical properties do not agree with the experimental results.…”

Revealing a Double‐Volcano‐Like Structure‐Activity Relationship for Substitution‐Functionalized Metal‐Phthalocyanine Catalysts toward Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

“…For the CO 2 RR on FePc‐X, the HOMO of FePc‐X is important because the HOMO‐HOMO interaction between FePc‐X and CO 2 and the electron transfer from the HOMO of FePc‐X to the LUMO of CO 2 (i.e., the π * molecular orbital of CO 2 ) affect the CO 2 adsorption and CO 2 activation, respectively. [ 4a,7,11 ] Based on the theoretical calculations, the substituents with different electron‐donating/‐withdrawing abilities affect the HOMO energy of FePc‐X via changing the energy of the 1 e g orbitals of Pc‐X that participate in forming the HOMOs of FePc‐X with the Fe 3 d xz and 3 d yz orbitals (Tables S2 and S3, Supporting Information). Overall, the EDG‐substitution increases whereas the EWG‐substitution decreases the energy of the molecular orbitals of FePc‐X (Figure 3b).…”

“…[ 3c,6 ] Theoretical calculations predicted that such EWG‐substitution decreased the electron density of the metal centers and retarded the *CO desorption on MPc, whereas such EDG‐substitution increased the electron density of the metal centers and facilitated the *COOH formation and *CO desorption on MPc. [ 7 ] Based on the theoretical predictions, the EDG‐functionalized MPc should show better while the EWG‐functionalized MPc should show worse CO selectivity than the pristine MPc. Take NiPc for an example, the EDGs, ‐OCH 3 and ‐NH 2 , functionalized NiPc presented higher CO selectivity (with faradaic efficiencies of CO (FE CO ) of 99.5% and 99.8%, respectively) than the pristine NiPc (with a FE CO of 67%) at 200 mA cm −2 in a flow cell.…”

Dispersed Nickel Phthalocyanine Molecules on Carbon Nanotubes as Cathode Catalysts for Li‐CO2 Batteries

“…We undertook DFT calculations for the interaction between NiPc and CNTs side wall and found that the adsorption energy of NiPc on CNTs surface is −2.47 eV (Figure 3b). [ 32 ] Interestingly, it is further found that the β ‐octa cyano‐substituted NiPc (NiPc‐CN) (Figure S1, Supporting Information) can afford stronger interaction with CNTs side wall with the adsorption energy of −3.52 eV (Figure 3c). To verify our anticipation, NiPc‐CN MDE was synthesized and a series of characterizations confirm its similar structure to NiPc MDE (Figures S6 and S7, Supporting Information).…”