Performance of tin-containing thin-film anodes for rechargeable thin-film batteries

Real-Time Observations of Interfacial Lithiation in a Metal Silicide Thin Film

“…However, the high amount of lithium incorporation gives rise to substantial volume expansion during lithiation (e.g., up to 300% for Si), particularly during the battery’s first discharge. While numerous strategies have been developed to accommodate strain associated with this volume change, the most common approach is to reduce the particle size of the active species, by ball milling or nanofabrication methods, to allow for more ductile expansion within a conductive matrix. − Nanoscale particles also improve electrical conduction and are often necessary to reduce the lithium diffusion path lengths (or overpotentials) required for reversible phase separation in intermetallic alloys or conversion reactions in metal oxides/fluorides . Similarly, binary intermetallic alloys, such as chromium silicide, provide an intriguing route toward maintaining conductivity over repeated charging cycles.…”

The effect of electrochemical lithiation on physicochemical properties of RF-sputtered Sn thin films

“…There are only a few reports concerning the effect of lithiation of Sn thin film electrodes [11,12]. In this study, thin films of Sn are deposited on Si substrates by radio frequency (RF) sputtering technique.…”

Mechanochemical synthesis and electrochemical properties of nanosized SnS as an anode material for lithium ion batteries

“…discharge-charge cycles, the inactive parts buffer or restrain the great structure change resulting from the volume expansion due to the alloying of tin and lithium. Many 'active/inactive composite' systems have been investigated, such as Ni-Sn [6,7], tin oxide and TCO [8][9][10][11][12][13], Sn-Cu [14] etc. Generally, the cyclability of these systems all improved during the lithiated-delithiated process.…”