Performance of the sulfonated poly ether ether ketone proton exchange membrane modified with sulfonated polystyrene and phosphotungstic acid for microbial fuel cell applications

Samaei, Seyed Hesam‐Aldin; Bakeri, Gholamreza; Lashkenari, Mohammad Soleimani

doi:10.1002/app.50430

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Phosphotungstic acid (HPW) is also a mixed material commonly used to improve proton conductivity. [24][25][26] HPW is considered a proton conductor owing to its unique Keggin structure, but the loss of water-soluble HPW in the membrane causes the decrease of proton conductivity, which ultimately affects the stability of fuel cells. 27,28 Therefore, scholars 29,30 have studied different strategies to solve this problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anchoring HPW by amino‐modified MIL‐101(Cr) to improve the properties of SPEEK in proton exchange membranes

Zhang

Pei

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Incorporating phosphotungstic acid (HPW) in proton exchange membranes (PEMs) is an effective way to improve proton conductivity, but its leakage remains a problem. It can be solved by immobilizing acid in membranes to enhance the stability of PEMs. Herein, we proposed a novel sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) composite membrane (SPEEK/HPW@MIL) that was prepared by blending amino-modified MIL-101(Cr) to anchor HPW. In this work, HPW was anchored through hydrogen bond to minimize its leakage and enhance the overall compatibility. The incorporation of MIL-101(Cr)-NH 2 also helped lower the swelling ratio and improve the dimensional stability. Compared with pristine SPEEK and SPEEK/MIL membrane, the proton conductivity of the SPEEK/HPW@MIL composite membrane increased by 26% and 14%, respectively. The superior performance recommended a promising conception for anchoring HPW in PEMs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anchoring HPW by amino‐modified MIL‐101(Cr) to improve the properties of SPEEK in proton exchange membranes

Zhang

Pei

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Over the past decades, sulfonated polymers have been widely investigated in terms of their ion-transport mechanism. − It is well-known that the dehydration of the polymer material at high temperatures results in a decrease of proton conductivity, limiting its application to operation temperatures <100 °C. , In contrast to sulfonic acid groups, phosphonic acid units are known for their high thermal and chemical stabilities. − Phosphonated polymers were used and investigated by several research groups in the past. ,− Atanasov and Kerres . synthesized a highly phosphonated poly(pentafluorostyrene) (PWN2010) via nucleophilic aromatic substitution Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Phosphonated Poly(pentafluorostyrene) toward Ductile Membranes for Electrochemical Applications

Stigler,

Wagner,

Thiele

et al. 2023

Macromolecules

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In terms of proton exchange membranes, phosphonated poly(pentafluorostyrene) (PWN) is an auspicious material. It provides a high ion-exchange capacity, good thermal and chemical stabilities, as well as reduced anhydride formation and high proton dissociation degree due to low pK a. One major drawback preventing the utilization in fuel cells as pure material lies in its poor mechanical stability. Therefore, the need for modifying the polymer structure arises. Herein, we have investigated a rapid and scalable postfunctionalization of poly(pentafluorostyrene) to mechanically modified PWN. Alkyl chains of different lengths ranging from a chain of 6 carbons (-C06) to 18 carbons (-C18) were introduced via para-fluoro-thiol reaction, followed by substitution of the residual para-fluor atoms with phosphonic acid groups via Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction. For the first time, we were able to produce free-standing PWN membranes. Via differential scanning calorimetry measurements, molecular dynamics simulation, and tensile testing, we have proven that the plasticization effect ascends with increasing alkyl chain length. Thereby, the alkyl modification also turned out to be thermally stable (>332 °C), demonstrated with TGA-FTIR measurements. The membrane with 68% phosphonic acid groups and 28% C18 alkyl chains showed a proton conductivity of 93.6 ± 6.9 mS cm–1 and outperformed the Nafion membrane (N-212), which exhibited a proton conductivity of 69.2 ± 6.21 mS cm–1 at 105 °C and a relative humidity of approximately 90%.

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A review on sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) based‐membrane in direct borohydride fuel cell applications

Harun

Shaari

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC) is a liquid fuel cell technology that has a number of advantages, including lower operating temperature as well as great cell voltage when compared with hydrogen as well as alcohol fuel cell. The utilisation of reagent in liquids, under room pressures as well as temperatures, facilitated the internal processes of the fuel cell system and its application. Polymer electrolyte membranes or proton exchange membrane are an important component of fuel cells. Commercial perfluorosulphonic acid type membranes such as Nafion are often used in DBFC systems. However, Nafion has some disadvantages such as high cost, low stability at high temperatures, and low conductivity at low humidity or high temperatures that limit its use in DBFC systems. Thus, this review accounts the cheaper alternative membrane than Nafion that applied for DBFC which is sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) based membrane. The mixing of SPEEK with other filler such as graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), clay, silica, metal oxide, heteropoly acids, and carbon nanotube is being discussed. The properties of SPEEK membranes performance such as degree of sulfonation, water intake, ionic conductivity, BH4 crossover as well as mechanical strength in DBFC were studied.

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Performance of the sulfonated poly ether ether ketone proton exchange membrane modified with sulfonated polystyrene and phosphotungstic acid for microbial fuel cell applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 58 publications

Anchoring HPW by amino‐modified MIL‐101(Cr) to improve the properties of SPEEK in proton exchange membranes

Anchoring HPW by amino‐modified MIL‐101(Cr) to improve the properties of SPEEK in proton exchange membranes

Modification of Phosphonated Poly(pentafluorostyrene) toward Ductile Membranes for Electrochemical Applications

A review on sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) based‐membrane in direct borohydride fuel cell applications

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