Performance of the OraQuick Rapid Antibody Test for Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Patients with Various Levels of Exposure to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

O’Connell, Robert J.; Merritt, Teresa; Malia, Jennifer; VanCott, Thomas C.; Dolan, Matthew J.; Zahwa, Hassan; Bradley, William P.; Branson, Bernard M.; Michael, Nelson L.; Witt, Caroline C. De

doi:10.1128/jcm.41.5.2153-2155.2003

Cited by 92 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Ltd., Daman, India), were used for initial screening, and samples that tested positive were confirmed by the Inno-Lia HIV I/II immunoblot assay (Immunogenetics, Gent, Belgium). 38 BU confirmation. Swabs were collected from the undermined edges of ulcerative lesions and fine needle aspirates were collected from cases with non-ulcerative lesions for bacteriological confirmation of BU disease.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Challenges Associated with Management of Buruli Ulcer/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection in a Treatment Center in Ghana: A Case Series Study

Tuffour

Owusu-Mireku

Ruf

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The synergy between Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is well established but not so in Buruli ulcer (BU). We screened confirmed BU cases for HIV infection and followed seven BU/HIV-coinfected patients. Management of BU/HIV was based on the World Health Organization guidelines and patient condition. The HIV positivity among BU patients (8.2%; 11/134) was higher compared with that of general patients attending the facility (4.8%; 718/14,863; P = 0.07) and that of pregnant women alone (2.5%; 279/11,125; P = 0.001). All seven BU/HIV-coinfected cases enrolled in the study presented with very large (category III) lesions with four having multiple lesions compared with 54.5% of category III lesions among HIV-negative BU patients. During the recommended BU treatment with streptomycin and rifampicin (SR) all patients developed immune infiltrates including CD4 T cells in their lesions. However, one patient who received antiretroviral therapy (ART) 1 week after beginning SR treatment developed four additional lesions during antibiotic treatment, while two out of the four who did not receive ART died. Further evidence is required to ascertain the most appropriate time to commence ART in relation to SR treatment to minimize paradoxical reactions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Challenges Associated with Management of Buruli Ulcer/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection in a Treatment Center in Ghana: A Case Series Study

Tuffour

Owusu-Mireku

Ruf

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The causes of indeterminate patterns on Western blot include technical artifact, laboratory error, irrelevant cross-reactions, nonspecific binding, infection with a related retrovirus such as HIV-2, the presence of an antigenic variant of HIV-1, early HIV-1 infection, or late-stage disease (3,6,7,17,32,40). Antiretroviral therapy reduces viral load and has been reported to reduce HIV-specific antibody (11,16,22,23,28). Presumably, patients on antiretroviral therapy would be diagnosed before the initiation of therapy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Algorithms for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Diagnosis Using Tests That Are Licensed in the United States

et al. 2008

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Serodiagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the UnitedStates has traditionally relied on a sequential two-test algorithm: an initial screen with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and reflex testing of EIA-reactive specimens with a more specific supplemental test such as Western blotting or immunofluorescence. The supplemental tests are tedious, subjective, and expensive. In addition, there have been major improvements in the performance and accuracy of the EIA tests as well as the introduction of rapid serologic tests (RT) and HIV nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT). Related to these improvements is the possibility that alternative algorithms using combinations of currently approved HIV tests may function as well as if not better than the current algorithm, with more flexibility, improved accuracy, and lower cost. To this end, we evaluated the performance of 12 currently licensed tests and 1 in-house HIV test (6 EIA, 4 RT, and 3 NAAT) on panels of plasma samples from HIV-infected (n ‫؍‬ 621 HIV type 1 [HIV-1] and 34 HIV-2) and uninfected (n ‫؍‬ 513) people and of sequential specimens from people early in seroconversion (183 specimens from 15 patients). Test combinations were analyzed in two dual-test (sensitivity-optimized and specificity-optimized) algorithms and in a three-test (tie-breaking) algorithm, and performance was compared to the conventional algorithm. The results indicate that alternative algorithm strategies with currently licensed tests compare favorably with the conventional algorithm in detecting and confirming established HIV infection. Furthermore, there was a lower frequency of discordant or indeterminate results that require follow-up testing, and there was improved detection of early infection.

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“…False-negative test results may occur if testing is performed after ART is initiated or in acute HIV infection, where seroconversion has not occurred [15]. A nonreactive result in a recently exposed individual is another possibility; therefore, repeat testing of such high-risk individuals is recommended.…”

Section: Concerns Regarding Nonreactive False-positive and False-negatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have evaluated various outcomes, such as diagnostic accuracy, client preference, acceptability, uptake and cost-and time-effectiveness [13][14][15][16][17]. It is now an established fact that diagnostic accuracy of oral rapid point-of-care tests is high and that their test results are consistent across developed and developing countries [7,13,18].…”

Section: For Reprint Orders Please Contact: Reprints@future-drugscommentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral fluid-based rapid HIV testing: issues, challenges and research directions

Pai¹

2007

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics

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Performance of the OraQuick Rapid Antibody Test for Diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Patients with Various Levels of Exposure to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Cited by 92 publications

References 9 publications

Challenges Associated with Management of Buruli Ulcer/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection in a Treatment Center in Ghana: A Case Series Study

Challenges Associated with Management of Buruli Ulcer/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection in a Treatment Center in Ghana: A Case Series Study

Alternative Algorithms for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Diagnosis Using Tests That Are Licensed in the United States

Oral fluid-based rapid HIV testing: issues, challenges and research directions

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