Performance of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score and a Simplified Finnish Diabetes Risk Score in a Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Programme for Screening of Undiagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dysglycaemia in Madrid, Spain: The SPREDIA-2 Study

Abstract

AimTo evaluate the performance of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) and a simplified FINDRISC score (MADRISC) in screening for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (UT2DM) and dysglycaemia.MethodsA population-based, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out with participants with UT2DM, ranged between 45–74 years and lived in two districts in the north of metropolitan Madrid (Spain). The FINDRISC and MADRISC scores were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve method (ROC-AUC). Four different gold standards were used for UT2DM and any dysglycaemia, as follows: fasting plasma glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c, and OGTT or HbA1c. Dysglycaemia and UT2DM were defined according to American Diabetes Association criteria.ResultsThe study population comprised 1,426 participants (832 females and 594 males) with a mean age of 62 years (SD = 6.1). When HbA1c or OGTT criteria were used, the prevalence of UT2DM was 7.4% (10.4% in men and 5.2% in women; p<0.01) and the FINDRISC ROC-AUC for UT2DM was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.69–0.74). The optimal cut-off point was ≥13 (sensitivity = 63.8%, specificity = 65.1%). The ROC-AUC of MADRISC was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.72–0.81) with ≥13 as the optimal cut-off point (sensitivity = 84.8%, specificity = 54.6%). FINDRISC score ≥12 for detecting any dysglycaemia offered the best cut-off point when HbA1c alone or OGTT and HbA1c were the criteria used.ConclusionsFINDRISC proved to be a useful instrument in screening for dysglycaemia and UT2DM. In the screening of UT2DM, the simplified MADRISC performed as well as FINDRISC.

Risk Score for Detecting Dysglycemia: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Working-Age Population in an Oil Field in China

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Development of a screening tool using electronic health records for undiagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose detection in the Slovenian population

“…Because gender is not collected as a separate question, but can be collected from the question on waist circumference, where a separate set of values is available for men and women, FINDRISC questionnaires can be used to collect data on nine non‐invasive variables: age; gender; BMI; waist circumference; physical activity; daily consumption of fruit and vegetables; history of antihypertensive drug treatment; history of high blood glucose; and family history of diabetes. It has been validated in many countries; for example, Sweden , the Netherlands , Greece , Spain , Hungary , Bulgaria and Slovenia . FINDRISC has shown good results, but it has often been modified because of cultural differences; for example, by adjusting the BMI and waist circumference threshold to meet Asia‐Pacific standards or by adjusting the threshold and excluding some variables from the original FINDRISC .…”

Three‐component non‐invasive risk score for undiagnosed diabetes in Chinese people: Development, validation and longitudinal evaluation

“…The cumulative diabetes incidence was more than tripled in the NDS high-risk group (NDS ≥28) at each time point (all P < 0.001, log-rank test) compared with the low-risk group (NDS <28). Among the high-risk individuals, those at higher tertiles had a steeper rise in incident diabetes compared with those at the lowest tertile (28)(29)(30). Individuals in the highest tertile of the high-risk group (NDS ≥38) had a more than sixfold (log-rank test P < 0.001) rate of incident diabetes by the 5 th year when compared with those with a baseline NDS <28.…”