Performance of supercapacitors with RuO₂ electrodes spray deposited with aqueous/organic solvent mixtures: effect of substrate temperature

Modulation for RuO2/TiO2 via Simple Synthesis to Enhance the Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…The absence of RuO 2 characteristic diffraction peaks and the wide “bread peak” located between 27° and 30° (inset of Figure ) for T150 indicated a structure of amorphousRuO 2 · x H 2 O at a relatively low annealing temperature, as saturated NaHCO 3 was used to adjust the pH of the RuCl 3 –TiO 2 mixture and the generated Ru­(HCO 3 ) 3 partially decomposed to RuO 2 · x H 2 O below 210 °C. , When the temperature was increased to over 250 °C, the RuO 2 diffraction peaks appeared and broadened, which could be explained by the nano crystallinity . However, weak characteristic peaks for unsupported RuO 2 particles annealed at 250 °C were reported, , contrary to the observed phenomenon, demonstrating the provision of nucleation sites on TiO 2 support increased the crystallize rate for RuO 2 . In comparison, the XRD pattern of commercial RuO 2 (C-RuO 2 ) was also provided, which presented well-defined peaks to indicate a high crystallinity of ruthenium oxide.…”

“…33,34 When the temperature was increased to over 250 °C, the RuO 2 diffraction peaks appeared and broadened, which could be explained by the nano crystallinity. 35 However, weak characteristic peaks for unsupported RuO 2 particles annealed at 250 °C were reported, 31,35 contrary to the observed phenomenon, demonstrating the provision of nucleation sites on TiO 2 support increased the crystallize rate for RuO 2 . In comparison, the XRD pattern of commercial RuO 2 (C-RuO 2 ) was also provided, which presented well-defined peaks to indicate a high crystallinity of ruthenium oxide.…”