Performance of Rapid Tests and Algorithms for HIV Screening in Abidjan, Ivory Coast

Loukou, Yao Guillaume; Cabran, M. A.; Yessé, Zinzendorf Nanga; Adouko, B. M. O.; Lathro, S. J.; Agbessi-Kouassi, K. B. T.

doi:10.1177/2325957413488168

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The WHO guidelines, therefore, recommend stringent selection and adaptation of HIV testing algorithms to retest positive specimens with an independent HIV screening test ( 19 , 20 ). Improved specificity with a significant reduction of false-positive rates has been achieved with the use of orthogonal algorithms based on combinations of two or more RDTs which target a different set of antigens/antibodies or employ different test mechanisms to minimize the probability of sharing factors that lead to false-positive or false-negative (FN) results ( 14 , 21 – 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Performance of Two Rapid Tests for Detection of HIV-1 and -2 in High- and Low-Prevalence Populations in Nigeria

Manak

Njoku²,

Shutt

et al. 2015

J Clin Microbiol

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The availability of reliable human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1/2) rapid tests in resource-limited settings represents an important advancement in the accurate diagnosis of HIV infection and presents opportunities for implementation of effective prevention and treatment interventions among vulnerable populations. A study of the potential target populations for future HIV vaccine studies examined the prevalence of HIV infections at six selected sites in Nigeria and evaluated the use of two rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for HIV. The populations included market workers at sites adjacent to military installations and workers at highway settlements (truck stops) who may have a heightened risk of HIV exposure. Samples from 3,187 individuals who provided informed consent were tested in parallel using the Determine (DT) and Stat-Pak (SP) RDTs; discordant results were subjected to the Uni-Gold (UG) RDT as a tiebreaker. The results were compared to those of a third-generation enzyme immunoassay screen with confirmation of repeat reactive samples by HIV-1 Western blotting. One participant was HIV-2 infected, yielding positive results on both RDTs. Using the laboratory algorithm as a gold standard, we calculated sensitivities of 98.5% (confidence interval [CI], 97.1 to 99.8%) for DT and 98.1% (CI, 96.7 to 99.6%) for SP and specificities of 98.7% (CI, 98.3 −99.1%) for DT and 99.8% (CI, 99.6 to 100%) for SP. Similar results were obtained when the sites were stratified into those of higher HIV prevalence (9.4% to 22.8%) versus those of lower prevalence (3.2% to 7.3%). A parallel two-test algorithm requiring both DT and SP to be positive resulted in the highest sensitivity (98.1%; CI, 96.7 to 99.6%) and specificity (99.97%; CI, 99.9 to 100%) relative to those for the reference laboratory algorithm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Performance of Two Rapid Tests for Detection of HIV-1 and -2 in High- and Low-Prevalence Populations in Nigeria

Manak

Njoku²,

Shutt

et al. 2015

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Rapid test procedures were conducted per manufacturer protocol for both the Determine (Determine HIV-1/2 Alere Medical Company Limited, Chiba, Japan), Stat-Pak (HIV ½ Stat-PakR Dipstick, Chembio Diagnostic Systems, Medford, NY, USA), and Uni-Gold (Uni-Gold Recombigen HIV-1/2, Trinity Biotech, Bray, Ireland) diagnostic kits ( 12 – 14 ). Rapid antibody tests were conducted in the field per manufacturer protocol; a fingerprick was applied for blood collection, and blood sample was immediately transferred to the manufacturers sample pad for testing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rapid antibody tests were conducted in the field per manufacturer protocol; a fingerprick was applied for blood collection, and blood sample was immediately transferred to the manufacturers sample pad for testing. Each rapid test diagnostic kit had high specificity and sensitivity (>99%) to fingertip blood samples ( 12 – 14 ). The participants provided fingertip blood samples to two parallel rapid tests (Determine and Stat-Pak), and an additional third rapid test was applied if initial parallel tests were discordant (Uni-Gold) ( 12 – 14 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each rapid test diagnostic kit had high specificity and sensitivity (>99%) to fingertip blood samples ( 12 – 14 ). The participants provided fingertip blood samples to two parallel rapid tests (Determine and Stat-Pak), and an additional third rapid test was applied if initial parallel tests were discordant (Uni-Gold) ( 12 – 14 ). Following the rapid test protocol, if participants continued to test indeterminate, additional ELISA (Murex HIV-1, 2.O, Murex Biotech Ltd., Dartford, UK, if reactive followed by Vironistika HIV Uni-Form II plus O Mircoelisa System, BioMerieux: Marcy I’Etoile, France), western blot (GS HIV-1 Western Blot, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Redmond, WA, USA), and Abbott RealTime RNA (Abbott Molecular, Abbott Park, IL, USA), assays were utilized with specimens collected at the same visit ( 12 – 14 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal patterns in indeterminate HIV rapid antibody test results: a population-based, prospective cohort study

Hunt,

Mwinnyaa,

Patel

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Rapid HIV tests are critical to HIV surveillance and universal testing and treatment programs. We assessed longitudinal patterns in indeterminate HIV rapid test results in an African population-based cohort. Prospective HIV rapid antibody test results, defined by two parallel rapid tests, among participants aged 15–49 years from three survey rounds of the Rakai Community Cohort Study, Uganda, from 2013 to 2018, were assessed. An indeterminate result was defined as any weak positive result or when one test was negative and the other was positive. A total of 31,405 participants contributed 54,459 person-visits, with 15,713 participants contributing multiple visits and 7,351 participants contributing 3 visits. The prevalence of indeterminate results was 2.7% (1,490/54,469). Of the participants with multiple visits who initially tested indeterminate ( n = 591), 40.4% were negative, 18.6% were positive, and 41.0% were indeterminate at the subsequent visit. Of the participants with two consecutive indeterminate results who had a third visit ( n = 67), 20.9% were negative, 9.0% were positive, and 70.2% remained indeterminate. Compared to a prior negative result, a prior indeterminate result was strongly associated with a subsequent indeterminate result [adjusted prevalence ratio, 23.0 (95% CI = 20.0–26.5)]. Compared to men, women were more likely to test indeterminate than negative [adjusted odds ratio, 2.3 (95% CI = 2.0–2.6)]. Indeterminate rapid HIV test results are highly correlated within an individual and 0.6% of the population persistently tested indeterminate over the study period. A substantial fraction of people with an indeterminate result subsequently tested HIV positive at the next visit, underscoring the importance of follow-up HIV testing protocols. IMPORTANCE Rapid HIV tests are a critical tool for expanding HIV testing and treatment to end the HIV epidemic. The interpretation and management of indeterminate rapid HIV test results pose a unique challenge for connecting all people living with HIV to the necessary care and treatment. Indeterminate rapid HIV test results are characterized by any weak positive result or discordant results (when one test is negative and the other is positive). We systematically tested all participants of a Ugandan population-based, longitudinal cohort study regardless of prior test results or HIV status to quantify longitudinal patterns in rapid HIV test results. We found that a substantial fraction (>15%) of participants with indeterminate rapid test results subsequently tested positive upon follow-up testing at the next visit. Our findings demonstrate the importance of follow-up HIV testing protocols for indeterminate rapid HIV test results.

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“…7,8 Some even promoted the OraQuick® for a home self-testing of HIV. 6,9 Unfortunately in Indonesia, ORT is highly unpopular and in general is a strange concept for medical and dental practitioners even though the ORT is more appealing to invite people to screen for early HIV infection. Especially in areas that are difficult to reach and laboratory facilities are not available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Convenient Hiv Screening: Oral Rapid Test Review of Literature

Nasution

Dewi

2019

ODONTO : Dental Journal

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Background: HIV testing is crucial in identifying and initiating the treatment of HIV/AIDS. In recent years, the Oral Rapid Tests (ORT) has become one of the most popular tests based on saliva. This paper aims to present the response from research subjects who took the ORT using OraQuick®.Discussion: A total of 2657 studies was obtained. Finally, 21 articles matched to our review. The 21 included studies showed the advantages of ORT such as comfortable 91%, easy to use 76%, quick results 54%, preferred choice 67%, maintains confidentiality 54% and other reasons. Our reviewed studies demonstrated the consistent high acceptability of the oral rapid test in HIV.Conclusion: The comforts stem from ORT with OraQuick® are being contributed by its easy to use characteristic and non-blood-withdrawn comfortable method

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Performance of Rapid Tests and Algorithms for HIV Screening in Abidjan, Ivory Coast

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Evaluation of Performance of Two Rapid Tests for Detection of HIV-1 and -2 in High- and Low-Prevalence Populations in Nigeria

Evaluation of Performance of Two Rapid Tests for Detection of HIV-1 and -2 in High- and Low-Prevalence Populations in Nigeria

Longitudinal patterns in indeterminate HIV rapid antibody test results: a population-based, prospective cohort study

A Convenient Hiv Screening: Oral Rapid Test Review of Literature

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