Performance of Pressurized Metered‐Dose Inhalers at Extreme Temperature Conditions

Understanding pressurized metered dose inhaler performance

“…The air temperature is expected to alter the droplet evaporation rate and thus mouth-throat deposition, although to our knowledge this effect has only been studied independently of the inhaler temperature by Morin et al [98]. They demonstrated with in vitro tests on commercially available pMDIs that the delivery efficiency of some formulations decreased as the dry air temperature was reduced to 0 and -10 C, whereas other formulations were relatively unaffected.…”

“…The vapor pressures of pMDI propellants depend strongly on temperature, and in vitro experiments with heated and chilled inhalers have shown that inhaler temperature does indeed have an effect on the delivery efficiency and the aerodynamic diameter distribution of the residual particles [89,[96][97][98], with increasing temperature leading to more efficient delivery and a finer residual particle size for both solution and suspension formulations. These trends are not unexpected in light of the vapor pressure dependence of the content equivalent diameter distribution discussed earlier.…”

The Potential Use of Cyclosporine Ultrafine Solution Pressurised Metered- Dose Inhaler in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients

“…96 It was shown that in vitro lung dose depended on the ambient temperature, with decreasing the lung dose by decreasing the ambient temperature. 97 In particular cold weather may change the size of generated aerosols for ultrafine solution pMDIs. The in vitro lung dose dropped to the 80% of labelled dose for an ultrafine solution pMDI like Qvar at 0C compared to 20C ambient temperature.…”

Fabrication, characterization and optimization of nanostructured lipid carrier formulations using Beclomethasone dipropionate for pulmonary drug delivery via medical nebulizers

“…It is noteworthy that nebulizers deliver large doses when compared to other types of inhalation devices, making gravimetric technique more valid for such studies. Other investigators within the same research filed also used this technique (Sweeney et al, 2019, Morin et al, 2014, Ung et al, 2014.…”