Performance of Plants with C4-carboxylation Modes of Photosynthesis under Salinity

Two functionally different vacuoles for static and dynamic purposes in one plant mesophyll leaf cell

“…Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is a rather unique plant, because it is the only known CAM plant which, at the same time, is also a bona fide salt‐including halophyte (Lüttge, 2002). It is reasonable to assume that the ability to physically separate salt storing and malate cycling in different vacuoles is a reason for this physiological plasticity.…”

Antioxidant Molecules and Enzymes and Their Relevance to the Salt Adaptation of Halophytes

“…The photo-inhibition, which corresponds to a decrease in photosynthetic capacity and the dissipation of excess energy via carotenoids, prevents the formation of ROS by interacting with lipid peroxidation products or with O2 and excited molecules of chlorophyll (Souid et al 2016). In saltstressed mangroves, the excitation energy during photosynthesis is dissipated in thermal form by stimulating the xanthophyll cycle (violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin) (Lüttge 2002).…”

Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism: Plasticity and Evolution

“…The single exception is the annual facultative halophyte and facultative CAM species Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Cushman and Bohnert, 2002). This plant can grow well in the absence of NaCl but has its growth optimum at several hundred mM NaCl in the medium and can complete its life cycle at 500 mM NaCl (Lüttge, 2002).…”