Performance of Palm Oil Clinker Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Comprising Spent Garnet as Fine Aggregate Replacement

Abstract

The increase in building activity as a result of population expansion has resulted in an overexploitation of aggregate, with disastrous environmental consequences. Simultaneously, the disposal of spent garnet by the shipbuilding industry and palm oil clinker by palm oil mills harms the environment and needs a greater amount of landfill space. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of spent garnet as a fine aggregate substitute on the fresh, mechanical, and durability properties of palm oil clinker concrete. Concrete mixes were created using various percentages of spent garnet as a fine aggregate substitute, including 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, water absorption, and acid resistance of the water cured concrete were all determined. It was determined that using 20% spent garnet increased the compressive strength of lightweight concrete. The positive filler effect of spent garnet resulted in a densely packed internal structure of concrete, allowing it to have the lowest percentage of water absorption. The same mixtures exhibited the least mass change and strength reduction when exposed to acid solution. The results established that ecologically friendly concrete may be manufactured by including considerable volumes of waste from the shipbuilding and palm oil sectors.

Influence of seawater mixing on fresh and mechanical properties of oil palm shell lightweight aggregate concrete containing spent garnet

“…This can be attributed to the higher bulk density (2 354 kg/m 3 ) and specific gravity (3.75) of spent garnet compared to river sand. A similar finding was consistently observed and reported throughout the investigation [17]. It is noteworthy that the density of concrete mixed with seawater surpasses that of concrete mixed with freshwater.…”

“…Muttashar et al [16] delved into the performance of self-compacting geopolymer concrete incorporating spent garnet as a component. More recently, Jamaludin et al [17] discovered that incorporating 20 % spent garnet enhances the compressive strength of palm oil clinker lightweight aggregate concrete. However, the impact of spent garnet on the performance of seawater-mixed lightweight aggregate concrete remains unexplored.…”

Experimental investigation and optimization of lightweight concrete bricks developed using vermiculite

“…The x and y axes represent the variables, while the response variable (z) is represented by a smooth surface in a surface plot (Figures 7, 8). The correlation between vermiculite and concrete bricks has been studied in the past too (Haque et al, 2021;Jamaludin et al, 2022). Residual plots for density.…”

Mechanical Analysis of Fly Ash-Based Light Transmitting Concrete by using Optical Fiber

“…The imperative for sustainable construction practices underscores the urgency to reduce the environmental impact associated with traditional concrete production. Cement, a primary constituent of F concrete, exacts a significant toll on the environment, contributing approximately 7% of global CO2 emissions [17]. The relentless demand for raw materials in concrete production further exacerbates environmental concerns, leading to issues such as resource depletion and excessive waste generation.…”