Performance of multi-decadal ocean simulations in the Adriatic Sea

Dunić, Natalija; Vilibić, Ivica; Šepić, Jadranka; Mihanović, Hrvoje; Sevault, Florence; Somot, Samuel; Waldman, Robin; Nabat, Pierre; Arsouze, Thomas; Pennel, Romain; Jordà, Gabriel; Robert, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2019.01.006

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…The maximum was deeper at the perimeter of the SAP (points A and D in Figure 8B). Very similar salinity distribution remained till the end of 2016 (Figure 8C), with a large salt content in the layer that is normally mixed by the open sea convection during severe wintertime forcing (the mixing can extend to 900 m, Gačić et al, 2002;Dunić et al, 2019).…”

Section: Processes Contributing To Anomalous Thermohaline Properties In 2017mentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Namely, such high salinity conditions would lower the stability of the water column and therefore increase vertical mixing and the DWF. Both thermohaline data collected at the Palagruža Sill between 1952 and 2010 and climate simulations (Somot et al, 2006) indicate a shallowing and/or weakening of the Adriatic thermohaline circulation, yet climate models are still far from providing reliable reproduction of thermohaline variability in the Adriatic Sea (Dunić et al, 2019). If the DWF decreases in the future climate, this might have a substantial impact on the deep Adriatic organisms, in particular on those residing along the perimeter of the Jabuka Pit depressions, which are known as nursery and spawning areas for a large number of Adriatic species (Zorica et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observation, Preconditioning and Recurrence of Exceptionally High Salinities in the Adriatic Sea

et al. 2021

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The paper aims to describe the preconditioning and observations of exceptionally high salinity values that were observed in summer and autumn of 2017 in the Adriatic. The observations encompassed CTD measurements carried out along the well-surveyed climatological transect in the Middle Adriatic (the Palagruža Sill, 1961–2020), Argo profiling floats and several glider missions, accompanied with satellite altimetry and operational ocean numerical model (Mediterranean Forecasting System) products. Typically, subsurface salinity maximum, with values lower than 39.0, is observed in the Southern Adriatic (usually between 200 and 400 m), related to ingressions of saltier and warmer waters originating in the eastern Mediterranean (Levantine Intermediate Water—LIW). However, seasonally strong inflow of warm and high salinity waters (S > 38.8) has been observed much closer to the surface since spring 2015. The main LIW core deepened at the same time (to 400–700 m). Such double-maxima vertical pattern was eventually disturbed by winter convection at the beginning of 2017, increasing salinities throughout the water column. A new episode of very strong inflow of high salinity waters from the Northern Ionian was observed in late winter and spring of 2017, this time restricted almost to the surface. As most of 2017 was characterized by extremely dry conditions, low riverine inputs and warmer than usual summer over the Adriatic and Northern Ionian, salinity values above the sharp and shallow (15–40 m) thermocline significantly increased. The maximum recorded salinity was 39.26, as measured by the Argo float in the Southern Adriatic. Surface salinity maximum events, but with much lower intensity, have been documented in the past. Both past events and the 2017 event were characterized by (i) concurrence with overall high salinity conditions and cyclonic or transitional phase of the Adriatic-Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System, (ii) very low river discharges preconditioning the events for a year or more, (iii) higher-than-average heat fluxes during most of the summer and early autumn periods, forming a stable warm layer above the thermocline, and (iv) higher-than-average E-P (evaporation minus precipitation) acting on this warm surface layer. Importantly, the 2017 event was also preceded by strong near-surface inflow of very saline waters from the Northern Ionian in early 2017.

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Section: Processes Contributing To Anomalous Thermohaline Properties In 2017mentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation, Preconditioning and Recurrence of Exceptionally High Salinities in the Adriatic Sea

et al. 2021

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“…First, a digital terrain model (DTM), including (1) coastline data generated by the Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, (2) offshore bathymetry from ETOPO1 (Amante and Eakins, 2009), and (3) nearshore bathymetry from navigation charts CM93 201, provides high-resolution bathymetry data for both AdriSC ROMS grids. Moreover, the bathymetry (with the minimum depth of 2 m) is smoothed with the application of a linear programming (LP) method (Dutour Sikirić et al, 2009) to the ROMS 3 km and 1 km grids. In this way the roughness factors are minimized while keeping the DTM bathymetric features.…”

Section: Adrisc Climate Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of the Adriatic Sea and Coast (AdriSC) climate component – a COAWST V3.3-based one-way coupled atmosphere–ocean modelling suite: ocean results

2021

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Abstract. In this study, the Adriatic Sea and Coast (AdriSC) kilometre-scale atmosphere–ocean climate model covering the Adriatic Sea and northern Ionian Sea is presented. The AdriSC ocean results of a 31-year-long (i.e. 1987–2017) climate simulation, derived with the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) 3 km and 1 km models, are evaluated with respect to a comprehensive collection of remote sensing and in situ observational data. In general, it is found that the AdriSC model is capable of reproducing the observed sea surface properties, daily temperatures and salinities, and the hourly ocean currents with good accuracy. In particular, the AdriSC ROMS 3 km model demonstrates skill in reproducing the main variabilities of the sea surface height and the sea surface temperature, despite a persistent negative bias within the Adriatic Sea. Furthermore, the AdriSC ROMS 1 km model is found to be more capable of reproducing the observed thermohaline and dynamical properties than the AdriSC ROMS 3 km model. For the temperature and salinity, better results are obtained in the deeper parts than in the shallow shelf and coastal parts, particularly for the surface layer of the Adriatic Sea. The AdriSC ROMS 1 km model is also found to perform well in reproducing the seasonal thermohaline properties of the water masses over the entire Adriatic–Ionian domain. The evaluation of the modelled ocean currents revealed better results at locations along the eastern coast and especially the northeastern shelf than in the middle eastern coastal area and the deepest part of the Adriatic Sea. Finally, the AdriSC climate component is found to be a more suitable modelling framework to study the dense water formation and long-term thermohaline circulation of the Adriatic–Ionian basin than the available Mediterranean regional climate models.

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“…computational resources and running time)depending of the temporal and spatial scales of the studied processesremains one of the major issues of the climate modelling community. For example, (1) the RCMs of the Med-CORDEX community have already been proven to largely underestimate the dense water budget of the Adriatic Sea (Dunić et al, 2019), while (2) the recently developed MEDSEA ocean re-analysis at approximately 4-5 km (Escudier et al, 2020) is forced by the ERA5 atmospheric re-analysis known to underestimate the extreme bora events (Denamiel et al, 2021a). To properly capture the Adriatic thermohaline circulation triggered by the dense water formation in the northern Adriatic Sea, the reliability of MEDSEA in the Adriatic Sea thus largely depends on the data assimilation and not the physics.…”

Section: Summary and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Somot et al, 2006;Sevault et al, 2014). However, these RCMs have shown to be incapable to properly reproduce the processes at the coastal scale mainly due to their relatively coarse horizontal resolution (of the order of 10 km) which is insufficient to resolve the complexity of the coastal morphologies of the Adriatic (McKiver et al, 2016;Dunić et al, 2019). In addition, some quasi-climate ocean studies were carried out to quantify interannual variability of the Adriatic dense water dynamics (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of the Adriatic Sea and Coast (AdriSC) climate component – a COAWST V3.3-based coupled atmosphere-ocean modelling suite: ocean part

Pranić¹,

Denamiel²,

Vilibić³

2021

Preprint

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Abstract. In this study, the Adriatic Sea and Coast (AdriSC) kilometre-scale atmosphere-ocean climate model covering the Adriatic and northern Ionian Seas is presented. The AdriSC ocean results of a 31-year long (i.e. 1987–2017) climate simulation, derived with the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) 3-km and 1-km models, are evaluated with respect to a comprehensive collection of remote-sensing and in situ observational data. In general, it is found that the AdriSC model is capable to reproduce the observed sea-surface properties, daily temperatures and salinities and the hourly ocean currents with good accuracy. In particular, the AdriSC ROMS 3-km model demonstrates skill in reproducing the main variabilities of the sea-surface height as well as the sea-surface temperature, despite a persistent negative bias within the Adriatic Sea. Furthermore, the AdriSC ROMS 1-km model is found to be more capable to reproduce the observed thermohaline and dynamical properties than the AdriSC ROMS 3-km model. For the temperature and salinity, better results are obtained in the deeper parts than in the shallow shelf and coastal parts, particularly for the surface layer of the Adriatic Sea. The AdriSC ROMS 1-km model is also found to perform well in reproducing the seasonal thermohaline properties of the water masses over the entire Adriatic-Ionian domain. The evaluation of the modelled ocean currents revealed better results at locations along the eastern coast and especially the north-eastern shelf than in the middle-eastern coastal area and the deepest part of the Adriatic Sea. Finally, the AdriSC climate component is found to be a more suitable modelling framework to study the dense water formation and long-term thermohaline circulation of the Adriatic-Ionian basin than the available Mediterranean regional climate models.

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Performance of multi-decadal ocean simulations in the Adriatic Sea

Cited by 15 publications

References 103 publications

Observation, Preconditioning and Recurrence of Exceptionally High Salinities in the Adriatic Sea

Observation, Preconditioning and Recurrence of Exceptionally High Salinities in the Adriatic Sea

Performance of the Adriatic Sea and Coast (AdriSC) climate component – a COAWST V3.3-based one-way coupled atmosphere–ocean modelling suite: ocean results

Performance of the Adriatic Sea and Coast (AdriSC) climate component – a COAWST V3.3-based coupled atmosphere-ocean modelling suite: ocean part

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