Performance of Medium-to-High Rise Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings with Masonry Infill in the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake

Barbosa, André R.; Fahnestock, Larry A.; Fick, Damon R.; Gautam, Dipendra; Soti, Rajendra; Wood, Richard L.; Moaveni, Babak; Stavridis, Andreas; Olsen, Michael J.; Rodrigues, Hugo

doi:10.1193/051017eqs087m

Cited by 59 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The test specimens could be either an isolated RC wall with various types of cross-sectional shapes such as I-, C-and U-shaped [11][12][13][14] or RC frames with various seismic detailing [15,16]. Effects of various types of ground motions and bearings on the overall seismic performance of building structures have also attracted great attention from the seismic research community [17][18][19][20]. In terms of methodology, besides the experimental methods that often employ a shaking table, the theoretical approaches such as numerical simulation [21][22][23] and probabilistic seismic assessment [24] play an important role in the research area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-Curvature Test of Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Shaking Table: A New Test Setup

et al. 2019

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This paper proposes a new test setup to study the double-curvature behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) columns using shaking table. In this setup, the seismic action is simulated by the horizontal movement of a long-heavy rigid mass sitting on the top of only one test specimen. The double-curvature mechanism of specimen is affected by the movement of the concrete mass on a test rig consisting four steel hollow-section columns fully anchored to the shaking table. Application of axial load on the specimen is made possible through a pre-stressing equipment connecting to its top and bottom bases. The current setup offers two improvements over the previous ones. First, it makes available greater ranges of test data for conducting bigger sizes of the specimens. Second, it allows to directly measure the variation of axial force in the test specimens while the test implementation can be fast and easy with a high safety margin even until the complete collapse of the test units. The current test setup has been successfully applied on two ½ scaled V-shaped columns. It has been shown that the column specimen with a low axial load level of 0.05f'cAg, where f'c is the concrete strength and Ag is the cross-sectional area of the specimen, can well survive at a ground peak acceleration up to 5.5 (m/s 2 ) with a drift ratio of approximately 2.91%. Meanwhile, the column subjected to moderate axial load level of 0.15f'cAg can survive at a higher ground peak acceleration of 8.0 (m/s 2 ) with a drift ratio of 3.75%. Furthermore, it is experimentally evidenced that the Vshaped cross-section does not deform in-plane under seismic action. The angle between two planes corresponding to the column web and flange are up to 0.03 (rad). This finding is significant since it contradicts the plane strain assumption available in the current design practice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-Curvature Test of Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Shaking Table: A New Test Setup

et al. 2019

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“…Regarding the high-rise RC buildings' (with 10-18 storeys) performance from the earthquake of April 25, 2015, it was observed that most of the damage was related to the infill walls [6][7][8]. Figure 1 shows the structure damage of a 14-storey RC and from the observation of the vertical profile of the building, the damages are concentrated the first seven floors of the structure, as can be seen in Figure 1a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Study of the Seismic Response on the Infill Masonry Walls of a 15-Storey Reinforced Concrete Structure in Nepal

Furtado¹,

Pouca²,

Varum³

et al. 2019

Buildings

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Following the strong earthquake on April 25, 2015 in Nepal, a team from the University of Porto, in collaboration with other international institutions, made a field study on some of the most affected areas in the capital region of Kathmandu. One of the tasks was the study of a high-rise settle of buildings that were damaged following the earthquake sequence. A survey damage assessment was performed to a 15-storey infilled reinforced concrete structure, which will be detailed in the manuscript. Moreover, ambient vibration tests were carried out to determine the natural frequencies and corresponding vibration modes of the structure. The main aim of this manuscript is to present a numerical study concerning the influence of the masonry infill walls in the structure seismic response. For this, three numerical models were built discriminating the situations with and without damage and nondamaged infill walls. Validation and calibration of the numerical model was ensured by comparing the numerical frequencies with those obtained from ambient vibration tests. In addition, linear elastic analyses were carried out, using real accelerograms from the Gorkha earthquake to assess and quantify the major differences between the models in terms of inter-storey drifts ratios, inter-storey shear forces and seismic loadings.

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“…Recently, Alam and Barbosa [6] proposed a probabilistic formulation to incorporate model class uncertainties in probabilistic seismic demand assessment (PSDA) and used several infill-strut model classes for the probabilistic assessment of drift hazard demand for an unreinforced masonry (URM) infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings. Seismic performance of this building typology is highly uncertain due to uncertainties in infill properties as well as the complex interaction of infills with surrounding frame, which contribute to increased lateral strength and initial stiffness of infilled frames [7,8]. In addition to the above-mentioned sources of uncertainty, a seismic loss analysis requires including several other sources of uncertainties, such as the definition of the building collapse behavior or the element damage and loss characterization, which can greatly affect the seismic loss results [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Loss Analysis of a Modern Rc Building Accounting for Uncertainty of Infill Strut Modeling Parameters

Romano¹,

Alam²,

Faggella³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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Probabilistic seismic risk analysis is affected by several sources of uncertainty. Investigating the influence of uncertainties on loss analysis results is important to understand their impact on computed risk. Even though the topic has been the focus of many previous studies, however, only a few studies focused on the effects of modeling uncertainty of often-neglected non-structural elements, such as masonry infill walls in reinforced concrete (RC) moment frame buildings. This paper explores the effect of uncertainty related to modeling parameters of masonry infill walls on the seismic loss estimates for a modern code designed infilled RC frame building. The unreinforced masonry (URM) infill walls are modeled using equivalent strut models and probability density functions (PDFs) are assigned to selected infill strut parameters, based on existing literature on analytical and experimental studies. Using a latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method to sample the PDFs, a set of two-dimensional models are generated and are subjected to nonlinear response history analyses (NRHAs) at increasing seismic intensities. The building seismic performance in terms of damage and direct losses is evaluated for two performance models, the first one considering only the median values of infill strut parameters, the second one considering the uncertainties of such parameters. For both performance models, element fragility characterization is completed by state-of-the-art fragility and consequence functions for clay brick infill walls. Results are presented for an intensity-based risk analysis as well as for complete life-cycle analysis, which outputs expected annualized losses.

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Performance of Medium-to-High Rise Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings with Masonry Infill in the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, Earthquake

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

Double-Curvature Test of Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Shaking Table: A New Test Setup

Double-Curvature Test of Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Shaking Table: A New Test Setup

Study of the Seismic Response on the Infill Masonry Walls of a 15-Storey Reinforced Concrete Structure in Nepal

Seismic Loss Analysis of a Modern Rc Building Accounting for Uncertainty of Infill Strut Modeling Parameters

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