Performance of latex and nonlatex medical examination gloves during simulated use

Korniewicz, Denise M.; El-Masri, Maher M; Broyles, John; Martin, Christopher; O’Connell, Kevin P.

doi:10.1067/mic.2002.119512

Cited by 56 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The glove integrity results were different than the leak failure rates observed in comparable studies, which ranged from 0 to $3% (Rego and Roley, 1999; Korniewicz et al, 2002;Patel et al, 2003). In this study, the variability was higher for the clean room gloves, ranging from 0 to $6%.…”

Section: Glove Integritycontrasting

confidence: 50%

Tensile Properties and Integrity of Clean Room and Low-Modulus Disposable Nitrile Gloves: A Comparison of Two Dissimilar Glove Types

2011

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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Background: The selection of disposable nitrile exam gloves is complicated by (i) the availability of several types or formulations, (ii) product variability, and (iii) an inability of common quality control tests to detect small holes in the fingers. Differences in polymer formulation (e.g. filler and plasticizer/oil content) and tensile properties are expected to account for much of the observed variability in performance.Objectives: This study evaluated the tensile properties and integrity (leak failure rates) of two glove choices assumed to contain different amounts of plasticizers/oils. The primary aims were to determine if the tensile properties and integrity differed and if associations existed among these factors. Additional physical and chemical properties were evaluated.Methods: Six clean room and five low-modulus products were evaluated using the American Society for Testing and Materials Method D412 and a modified water-leak test to detect holes capable of passing a virus or chemical agent.Results: Significant differences in the leak failure rates and tensile properties existed between the two glove types (P 0.05). The clean room gloves were about three times more likely to have leak failures (chi-square; P 5 0.001). No correlation was observed between leak failures and tensile properties. Solvent extract, an indication of added plasticizer/oil, was not associated with leak failures. However, gloves with a maximum modulus ,4 MPa or area density (AD) ,11 g cm À2 were about four times less likely to leak.Conclusions: On average, the low-modulus gloves were a better choice for protection against aqueous chemical or biological penetration. The observed variability between glove products indicated that glove selection cannot rely solely on glove type or manufacturer labeling. Measures of modulus and AD may aid in the selection process, in contrast with common measures of tensile strength and elongation at break.

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Section: Glove Integritycontrasting

confidence: 50%

Tensile Properties and Integrity of Clean Room and Low-Modulus Disposable Nitrile Gloves: A Comparison of Two Dissimilar Glove Types

2011

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene

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“…In a study that examined gloves after manipulation to simulate in-use conditions, the failure rate was 0–4% for NRL, 1–3% for nitrile and 12–61% for vinyl gloves, indicating better barrier protection by NRL and nitrile gloves, compared to vinyl [29]. In another study where gloves were stressed according to a designated protocol before examining for leakage properties, failure rates were 2.2% for NRL and 1.3% for nitrile gloves, which were again better than for vinyl or copolymer (8.2% for each) [30]. Barrier integrity following an abrasion test demonstrated that NRL gloves were better than vinyl, although not as good as either nitrile or neoprene [31].…”

Section: Glove Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latex Medical Gloves: Time for a Reappraisal

Palosuo

Antoniadou

Gottrup

et al. 2011

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Many hospitals have implemented policies to restrict or ban the use of devices made of natural rubber latex (NRL) in healthcare as precautionary measures against the perceived risk of NRL allergy. Changes in glove technology, progress in measuring the specific allergenic potential of gloves and a dramatic decrease in the prevalence of NRL allergies after interventions and education prompted us to revisit the basis for justifiable glove selection policies. The published Anglophone literature from 1990 to 2010 was reviewed for original articles and reviews dealing with the barrier and performance properties of NRL and synthetic gloves and the role of glove powder. The review shows that NRL medical gloves, when compared with synthetic gloves, tend to be stronger, more flexible and better accepted by clinicians. The introduction of powder-free gloves has been associated with reductions in protein content and associated allergies. Recently, new methods to quantify clinically relevant NRL allergens have enabled the identification of gloves with low allergenic potential. The use of low-protein, low-allergenic, powder-free gloves is associated with a significant decrease in the prevalence of type I allergic reactions to NRL among healthcare workers. Given the excellent barrier properties and operating characteristics, dramatically reduced incidences of allergic reactions, availability of specific tests for selection of low-allergen gloves, competitive costs and low environmental impact, the use of NRL gloves within the hospital environment warrants reappraisal.

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“…The dynamic properties of latex produce a greater ability to reseal puncture holes and significantly reduce the leakage of fluid after the material is perforated with a needle [14]. The existing evidence shows that majority of glove perforations go undetected [15]. It is therefore likely that nitrile gloves, which have less ability to reseal puncture holes, would carry a greater risk of blood transmission through perforation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of blood transmission through latex and nitrile glove materials

Mansouri

Tidley

Sanati

et al. 2010

Occupational Medicine

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AimsTo compare blood transmission through nitrile, single and double layer latex glove materials in simulated needlestick injuries. MethodsExperiments involved nitrile, single and double layer latex gloves. A cutting suture needle was dipped into a specimen of blood and then immediately jabbed through the glove material into a cell containing saline. This process was repeated using the same blood specimen with different glove materials, plus a control experiment with no glove material. Other factors, including the angle, speed and depth of needle penetration, were controlled through the use of a testing machine. Following needle punctures, samples were taken from the suspension contained in each cell and examined under blind conditions. Median red blood cell (RBC) count was used as a measure of the quantities of blood transmitted through the different gloves. ResultsNitrile glove material was associated with reduced transmission of RBCs compared to single layer latex. Double layer latex gloves provided better protection than single layer latex or nitrile gloves.Conclusions These findings suggest that in protecting against blood transmission in the context of needlestick injuries, single layer nitrile gloves are superior to single layer latex gloves, but double gloving with latex gloves provides better protection than either single layer latex or nitrile.

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Performance of latex and nonlatex medical examination gloves during simulated use

Cited by 56 publications

References 11 publications

Tensile Properties and Integrity of Clean Room and Low-Modulus Disposable Nitrile Gloves: A Comparison of Two Dissimilar Glove Types

Tensile Properties and Integrity of Clean Room and Low-Modulus Disposable Nitrile Gloves: A Comparison of Two Dissimilar Glove Types

Latex Medical Gloves: Time for a Reappraisal

Comparison of blood transmission through latex and nitrile glove materials

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