Performance of high temperature phase-stable high entropy oxide (MgCuMnCoFe)Ox in catalytic wet air oxidation of chloroquine phosphate

Abstract

With the continuous spread of COVID-19, the water pollution problems caused by the abuse of chloroquine phosphate (CQP) as an antiviral drug have attracted wide attention. The cubic Fm-3m spinel high entropy oxide (HEO)—(MgCuMnCoFe)O x was prepared by coprecipitation method as the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) catalyst to treat CQP simulated wastewater. Through electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis, HEO will stimulate the production of superoxide radical (·O 2 − ) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) in the wet air oxidation (WAO) process, which accelerates the degradation and mineralization of CQP. Through response surface method (RSM) optimization, the optimal degradation conditions of CQP in CWAO were proposed: initial oxygen pressure of 15 bar, catalyst dosage of 1.4 g/L and temperature of 230 °C. The advantages of HEO in CWAO were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The degradation mechanism of CQP in CWAO by (MgCuMnCoFe)O x were explored. This work provides a new idea for the rapid development of HEO in the field of environmental catalysis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10853-022-07271-z.

Chloroquine degradation in aqueous solution under electron beam irradiation

“…Wastewater can be classifi ed by the presence of pathogens and physicochemical constituents that pose a risk to human and environmental health. Economical, effi cient, and environmentally friendly treatment technolo-gies to remove these constituents are imperative in addressing these concerns [11,12]. Moreover, detecting these contaminants in the ambient environment is paramount [13][14][15].…”

“…Catalytic processes involving ferrate--Fe(VI) show CQ aromatic ring dealkylation and chloride ion substitution under the infl uence of pH, temperature, HCO 3 − , and humic acids with subsequent reduction in antimicrobial activity toward Escherichia coli and intermediates toxicity [19]. Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) also degrades CQ phosphate simulated wastewater under anaerobic and aerobic conditions [11]. In addition, electro--Fenton processes (EFPs) using a boron-doped diamond anode have achieved (>90%) organic carbon removal [20][21][22].…”