Performance of Grounding Electrodes Under Lightning Strokes in Uniform and Two-Layer Soils Considering Soil Ionization

Gouda, Osama E.; Dein, Adel Z. El; Alharthi, Mosleh M.; Yassin, Samir S.; Ghoneim, Sherif S. M.

doi:10.1109/access.2022.3192394

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…𝑖 𝑚 (14) The integer 𝑠 represents the general index of the image sequences. 𝑄 𝑚𝑇 (𝑠) is representing the voltage potential caused by terms 𝑠 of the image sequences.…”

Section: Calculation Of Ground Potential Risementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, when lightning current flows through the network, the performance of the grounding electrodes in uniform soil is studied, where the frequency impact on the surrounding soil is considered [12,13]. Recently, Gouda et al investigated the impact of lightning strokes in uniform and two-layer soils on the step and touch potentials [14]. Based on the literature review and the authors' knowledge, most existing studies lack concerns with non-homogenous soil resistivity parameters that effectively change the touch and step voltages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studying Direct Lightning Stroke Impact on Human Safety Near HVTL Towers Considering Two Layer Soils and Ionization Influence

et al. 2023

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A lightning strike is considered one of the most risky natural phenomena that can lead to human harmful and the surrounding soil layers. To tackle this issue, this article investigates the influence of direct lightning characteristics in terms of human body safety. Specifically, such investigation is carried out on the effect of resistivities of two-layer soils on human safety when lightning stroke hits the towers of the high voltage transmission lines (HVTLs). The merit of the proposed study is that the soil ionization phenomenon is taken into consideration. Further, the study focuses on the current passing through the human heart, when step and touch (contact) voltages are generated by grounding potential rise, caused by direct lightning strikes transmission tower and the produced potential rise that a person could be exposed. Also, studying the effects of peak current and time of lightning strokes are investigated. Additionally, the paper presents the effect of different reflection factors on human safety. For validation purposes, the ATP program is used in the simulation of the grounding system as well as the human body model. Numerous simulations were accomplished in order to examine the behavior of the current passing through with the human heart. Based on the simulation results, it was concluded that the soil characteristics have superior influences on the contact and step potentials and, accordingly, the survival threshold.

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Section: Calculation Of Ground Potential Risementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying Direct Lightning Stroke Impact on Human Safety Near HVTL Towers Considering Two Layer Soils and Ionization Influence

et al. 2023

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“…This mathematical model was a hybrid of Galerkin's method of moment [11] and the conventional nodal analysis. An electromagnetic model to calculate the distribution of grounding grid potential subjected to lightning surges was presented in [12,13]. Current and voltage behavior during a fault in a HV/MV system was investigated in refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A proposed method for calculating the voltage and current distributions of grounded and isolated networks subjected to line‐to‐ground faults

Gouda,

Dein,

Mbasso

et al. 2024

IET Science Measure & Tech

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One crucial objective of this article is to present simplified and accurate approaches to study the current distribution and ground surface potential around the area surrounding an earthed and isolated system in case of a line‐to‐earth fault. The present study is done in the case of uniform and two‐layer soils. Suggested models for calculating the distribution of the earth's surface current density, step, and touch voltages in grounded and isolated systems are presented, discussed, and adapted. The contact and arc resistances of line to ground faulty conductors are considered. Rods and/or grounding grids usually do grounded systems. The impact of both step and touch potentials and current density are investigated in this article. The methods of the calculations are based on the electrical concepts, the charge simulation method, and the imaging procedure for the grounding system. The suggested method can be considered a novel and simple technique for calculating the current distributions of the ground surface during line to ground fault. The results agree with those obtained by others, with the advantage of the proposed algorithm for its ease of application and simplicity. 3‐D dimensions’ contours of the current density and the electric potential on the earth surface around the faulty point are presented in case of homogeneous and two layers’ soil. Finally, this article's novelty is to devise a method for calculating the step and touch potentials and current density around the point of contact of the conductor carrying the electric voltages in the event of faults occurring in the electrical network, whether the network is grounded or isolated. Such faults of electrical networks may cause human hazards.

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“…The grounding resistance surrounding the electrodes is nonlinear under the influence of lightning strikes due to the soil ionization [1][2][3][4][5]. This is due to the increase of the electric field surrounding the grounding electrodes and exceeding its onset value which is leading to occurring of the soil ionization [6,7]. The influence of lightning phenomenon on the grounding system behavior has been widely studied in the last 10 years, as well as some factors affecting the grounding system behavior when lightning is happened [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure(7) Impulse impedance of lightning at different soil resistivity using Messier model, the peak current of lightning is 100 kA, (a) vertical grounding electrode at heterogeneous soil (b) horizontal grounding electrode at heterogeneous soil (c) vertical grounding electrode at homogeneous soil (e) horizontal grounding electrode at homogeneous soil.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the influences of high soil resistivity on the behavior of the grounding electrodes affected by lightning strokes

Gouda

Dein

Yassin

2023

Preprint

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This article presents a study for the investigation of the impacts of the high soil resistivity of homogeneous and heterogeneous soils on the behavior of the grounding electrodes affected by lightning strokes when the soil ionization phenomenon is considered. Investigations are done on the performance of the grounding electrode when the soil resistivity is taken between 500 and 2000 Ω.m in homogeneous soil and for positive and negative reflection factors in case of heterogeneous soils. In the proposed model of this study for heterogeneous soils, it is taken into account that each layer of soil has its own resistivity and its own permittivity which are frequency-dependent. The field of the soil ionization around grounding electrode under lightning is investigated. The results are presented to understand the performance of the grounding electrode such as impulse impedance, grounding potential rise, front time of lightning stroke, the peak current of a lightning stroke, and type of grounding electrode and effective length of a grounding electrode. The transmission line approach with the aid of the (ATP) which is defined as hybrid approach is used to compute the transient performance of the vertical and horizontal grounding electrodes under lightning influence. The results are supported by the latest published articles to ensure its credibility.

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Performance of Grounding Electrodes Under Lightning Strokes in Uniform and Two-Layer Soils Considering Soil Ionization

Cited by 7 publications

References 53 publications

Studying Direct Lightning Stroke Impact on Human Safety Near HVTL Towers Considering Two Layer Soils and Ionization Influence

Studying Direct Lightning Stroke Impact on Human Safety Near HVTL Towers Considering Two Layer Soils and Ionization Influence

A proposed method for calculating the voltage and current distributions of grounded and isolated networks subjected to line‐to‐ground faults

A study on the influences of high soil resistivity on the behavior of the grounding electrodes affected by lightning strokes

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