Performance of granular activated carbon to remove micropollutants from municipal wastewater—A meta-analysis of pilot- and large-scale studies

Benstoem, F.; Nahrstedt, Andreas; Boehler, M.; Knopp, Gregor; Montag, David; Siegrist, Hansruedi; Pinnekamp, Johannes

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.118

Cited by 127 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As shown in Fig. 6d, there is a decrease in the evolution of benzothiophene (26) but an increase of 3-butylthiophene (17). The latter indicates the presence of pronounced hydration reactions with increasing carbamazepine loadings since it can be derived from (26) by hydration.…”

Section: Decomposition Mechanisms Of the 2 Nd Mass Loss Stagementioning

confidence: 79%

Specific adsorption sites and conditions derived by thermal decomposition of activated carbons and adsorbed carbamazepine

Dittmann

Eisentraut

Goedecke

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The adsorption of organic micropollutants onto activated carbon is a favourable solution for the treatment of drinking water and wastewater. However, these adsorption processes are not sufficiently understood to allow for the appropriate prediction of removal processes. In this study, thermogravimetric analysis, alongside evolved gas analysis, is proposed for the characterisation of micropollutants adsorbed on activated carbon. Varying amounts of carbamazepine were adsorbed onto three different activated carbons, which were subsequently dried, and their thermal decomposition mechanisms examined. The discovery of 55 different pyrolysis products allowed differentiations to be made between specific adsorption sites and conditions. However, the same adsorption mechanisms were found for all samples, which were enhanced by inorganic constituents and oxygen containing surface groups. Furthermore, increasing the loadings led to the evolution of more hydrated decomposition products, whilst parts of the carbamazepine molecules were also integrated into the carbon structure. It was also found that the chemical composition, especially the degree of dehydration of the activated carbon, plays an important role in the adsorption of carbamazepine. Hence, it is thought that the adsorption sites may have a higher adsorption energy for specific adsorbates, when the activated carbon can then potentially increase its degree of graphitisation. Increasing amounts of pharmaceuticals enter the water bodies and are detected all over the world 1-3. Many of them are persistent and may accumulate within water cycles 4-6. These organic micropollutants already show adverse effects in aquatic ecosystems despite their comparably low concentrations 7-9. Therefore, technical measures are introduced as advanced wastewater treatment 10. One of the favoured techniques is the removal by adsorption onto activated carbon 11,12. Activated carbon has been used in water purification for more than hundred years. In modern times, we face more ecological and economical challenges that require the accurate prediction of removal efficiencies prior to the upgrade of wastewater treatment plants. Hence, several approaches have been applied to gain fast and efficient predictions through laboratory experiments and the optimization of operating parameters through data driven modeling 13-16. The removal of the target substances has been shown to be strongly influenced by the composition of the waters and that of the activated carbons used in the removal 17,18. The underlying adsorption processes have been extensively described in theory and investigated experimentally 19,20. However, adsorption in the liquid phase has been proven to be much more complicated than adsorption in gas phases, especially in complex water matrices that are governed by the presence of dissolved organic matter, the ionic strength and the pH value 21-23. Hence, both the adsorbate solution and the adsorbent, are mutually influenced. Moreover, activated carbon has a highly heterogeneous pore stru...

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Section: Decomposition Mechanisms Of the 2 Nd Mass Loss Stagementioning

confidence: 79%

Specific adsorption sites and conditions derived by thermal decomposition of activated carbons and adsorbed carbamazepine

Dittmann

Eisentraut

Goedecke

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This can be explained by different process parameters and water matrices used in the studies. Benstoem et al (2017) considered influent DOC (DOC 0 ) and EBCT as the most relevant parameters. In addition, the TSS concentration in the influent of the collected GAC process was between 0 mg/L (effluent of membrane bioreactor or pretreatment with microfiltration) and 30 mg/L (effluent of a conventional activated sludge process with secondary clarifier (CAS)), which might be correlated with OMP concentration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, results of a pilot-scale aWWTPs (Hesse, Germany) were included to identify synergy effects for post-filtration. The selection of the aWWTPs was made according to the following criteria (Benstoem et al 2016;Benstoem et al 2017):…”

Section: Process Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying technical synergy effects for organic micro-pollutants removal

Fundneider

Herrling

Kahl

et al. 2018

Water Practice and Technology

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Processes for the removal of organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) from wastewater treatment plant's (WWTPs) effluents have been tested over decades, and have recently found their way into practice. Operators of WWTPs are confronted with the question of efficiency and the choice of economical process (combination). So far, a systematic approach regarding the selection of the appropriate process (combinations) is missing. There is no information available which technology is best suited for removal of OMPs and other conventional pollutants for good conditions in waterbodies. This study evaluates 52 pilot and full-scale studies regarding their removal efficiencies of various OMPs by advanced processes (adsorption and ozonation) in combination with/without filtration. The results provide a comprehensive picture of the complex state of knowledge and show that technical synergy effects enable the reduction of a wide range of OMP in combination with other conventional parameters, e.g. solids and phosphorous.

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“…In the process of treatment, physical method can be used as the pretreatment method of ion exchange and membrane separationJorfi et al 2017). At present, the main research trends of physical removal include: optimization of existing technology(Benstoem et al 2017;Ali et al 2017), the development of new adsorption materials(Jasmin Fathi Jasni et al 2017;Tian et al 2017;Portinho et al 2017;Zambianchi et al 2017;Rajabi et al 2017), the efficient combination technology of physical technology and other technologies(Panneri et al 2017), etc.Membrane processes Zambianchi et al (2017). studied the removal of seven organic pollutants from water by polysulfone (PS) -graphene oxide (GO) based porous membranes (PS-GO).…”

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confidence: 99%

Emerging Pollutants ‐ Part II: Treatment

Liu

Zhang

Chang

2018

Water Environment Research

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Emerging pollutants (EPs) are a class of chemical pollutants that have potential or substantial threats to human health and ecological environment. EPs mainly include pharmaceuticals and personal care products, endocrine disrupting chemicals, antibiotics, persistent organic pollutants, disinfection by-products and other industrial chemicals, etc. In recent years, with the improvement of environmental analysis level, these substances have been detected frequently in urban sewage, surface water and drinking water all over the world. The continuous detection of EPs brings new challenges to water pollution control, and also makes EPs treatment an international research hotspot. This paper summarizes some research results on emerging pollutants treatment published in 2017.

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Performance of granular activated carbon to remove micropollutants from municipal wastewater—A meta-analysis of pilot- and large-scale studies

Cited by 127 publications

References 21 publications

Specific adsorption sites and conditions derived by thermal decomposition of activated carbons and adsorbed carbamazepine

Specific adsorption sites and conditions derived by thermal decomposition of activated carbons and adsorbed carbamazepine

Identifying technical synergy effects for organic micro-pollutants removal

Emerging Pollutants ‐ Part II: Treatment

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