Performance of Galvanized – Steel and Copper Grounding Electrodes Using Bentonite and Coconut Husk Ashes as an Additives Material to Grounding System

Abstract

Natural enhancement material often uses to improve performance of the soil resistivity in grounding system. Due to the different soil condition, focus for effective grounding go to the soil itself. Soil resistivity, moisture content and surrounding environment contribute to the impedance of the grounding. The usage of material to enhance the grounding can be considering important to maintain the grounding system performance. There are several techniques used to treat the soil using chemical substance known as grounding enhancement material. This technique produces low resistivity to the grounding electrode however the soil become contaminated. This paper will discuss about the performance of coconut husk ashes and bentonite as natural enhancement material and method being used to evaluate the results.

Grounding Performance of Hydrogel, Silica Gel and Charcoal Ash as Additive Material in Grounding System

“…Additionally, a reference grounding system was examined in which the grounding conductor was installed without any grounding enhancement materials (GEMs) nearby, serving as a basis for comparison. This research was conducted based on improvements made in previous work [1,[8][9][10][11], considering different GEM materials and soil effects. The experimental setup with installing two vertical grounding conductors namely copper grounding conductors and galvanized steel.…”

Time Defendability of Ground Resistance Properties and Its Application of Vitric Tuff on the Development of Ground Enhancement Material

“…The strong La Nina phenomenon also affects clouds and precipitation to increase lightning intensity (Ghosh et al, 2019). The high activity of lightning can cause danger, so lightning protection is needed (Azmi et al, 2019;Bakar et al, 2020). Lightning protection aims to protect and reduce the risk of harm to living things, buildings, electricity, electronic equipment, telecommunications, and lightning activity.…”

“…Thus, the resistivity must be made as small as possible so that maximum conductivity is obtained. Factors that affect soil resistivity include moisture content, with optimal decline occurring at concentrations above 30% and generally influenced by materials with high adsorption power (Azmi et al, 2019;Bakar et al, 2020;IEEE Standards Association, 2012;Martin et al, 2019;Wan Ahmad et al, 2018). To make the material more porous, increase the adsorption power, including thermal, hydrothermal, and solution treatment (Jozefaciuk and Bowanko, 2002;Kurniasari et al, 2011;Lu et al, 2009;Martin et al, 2019).…”

“…Natural grounding repair materials include Na-bentonite and zeolite (Bakar et al, 2020;Shuhada et al, 2016). Vermiculite, pearlite (Lai et al, 2017), gypsum, andMarcionite (Mohd Tadza et al, 2019).…”

“…Vermiculite, pearlite (Lai et al, 2017), gypsum, andMarcionite (Mohd Tadza et al, 2019). These raw materials have not shown optimal performance, so several blending engineering technologies have been developed with additives, multi blending, and activation treatments (chemistry and physics) (Agustinus et al, 2010;Opara et al, 2014;Agustinus, 2018;Martin et al, 2019;Bakar et al, 2020). Other ingredients as additives include charcoal and salt (Ahmad et al, 2020), coconut husk (Halim et al, 2019), fly ash, and wood ash (Wan Ahmad et al, 2018).…”