Performance of fast responding ultracapacitor energy storage for virtual inertia emulation control

Abstract

This paper proposes a black widow optimization (BWO) algorithm‐based derivative‐type control for optimized virtual inertia (VI) emulation using fast responding ultracapacitor (UC) as energy storage system for frequency regulation in a two‐area deregulated power system composed of thermal and hydro units with high penetration of solar photovoltaic. The parameters of the system have been controlled by using newly formulated BWO and their performance have been compared for virtual inertial emulation efficacy with other algorithms under different contract obligations. The impact of the coordinated action of BWO‐based proportional‐integral (PI) controller with VI emulation has been validated on the area frequency, tie‐line power, and generated power of different units. The eigenvalue approach has been applied to verify the performance and effect of VI emulation control using fast acting UC on system stability. The proposed VI emulation control studies have been evaluated under nonlinear environment of deregulated power system. The comparative studies show that BWO optimized PI‐based VI emulation using fast responding UC provides superior dynamic responsiveness in all competitive electricity market scenarios tested under different operating conditions.

A comprehensive review of wind power integration and energy storage technologies for modern grid frequency regulation

“…IR, PFR, LFC) due to its rapid response time and operational flexibility. Rapid response times enable ESS systems to quickly inject huge amounts of power into the network, serving as a kind of virtual inertia [ 74 , 75 ]. The paper presents a control technique, supported by simulation findings, for energy storage systems to reduce wind power ramp occurrences and frequency deviation [ 76 ].…”

Virtual Inertia Control for Power Electronics-Integrated Power Systems: Challenges and Prospects

“…To achieve this goal, a coordinated control scheme is demonstrated in [58]. Coordinated VI allocation is implemented based on inertia demand in a WT-based power system network [59]. Different optimisation techniques have been used to optimise the VI control parameters with a coordinated derivative control scheme [60].…”

Comparative performance of multiple energy storage systems in unified voltage and frequency regulation of power system including electric vehicles

“…21,22 The PHS is not so far investigated in amalgamated ALFC-AVR studies as per the literature, which needs to be focused. Likewise, other ESS, such as flywheel energy storage system, 23 which is nothing but short duration energy system, battery energy storage (BES) system, 24 Capacitive energy storage (CE), 25 ultracapacitor, 26 superconducting magnetic energy storage (SME) system 27 are analyzed in the load frequency control studies, which need to be investigated in combined ALFC-AVR system.…”