“…Although we advocate a formal FCU rotation with vertical integration throughout the program, training need not be time or resource intensive. Short courses of FCU training have been shown to be feasible and efficient in a variety of settings with a variety of learners including internal medicine [14,15], emergency medicine [40], critical care [41] and anesthesiology residents [42]. Required components of training include basic knowledge of ultrasound principles (physics, cardiac anatomy, cardiac pathology, etc.…”