Performance of Different Rice Genotypes Under Application of Phosphorus Fertilizer Levels

Abstract

Phosphorus is one of the essential macronutrient element not only for rice but also for other plants, it is important for plant metabolism and enzymatic activity during the periods of growth and grain filling. Rice growth, yield and its attributes strongly influenced by phosphorus nutrition. This investigation was conducted to study the performance of different rice genotypes i.e. Sakha105 and Sakha106 (japonica), Giza178 (indica/japonica) and Giza182 (indica) under four phosphorus levels namely 0, 18, 36 and 54 P2O5 ha -1 . This study was carried out at Experimental Farm of Rice Research and Training Center during both 2010 and 2011 growing seasons. At harvest, plant height, number of panicles m -2 , panicle weight, panicle length, number of filled grains panicle -1 , number of unfilled grains panicle -1 , 1000 grain weight, grain and straw yield were determined. After harvest, N and P content of rice grain and straw were measured as well as hulling, milling, head rice and amylose percentages were assessed. The obtained results revealed that the rice genotypes were significantly differed in their response to phosphorus application according to genetic background. indica or indica/japonica genotypes responded up to 54 kg P2O5 ha -1 without significant differences with 36 kg P2O5 ha -1 more than japonica type which responded up to 18 kg P2O5 ha -1 . Application of phosphorus fertilizer up to 36 kg P2O5 ha -1 improved rice growth traits i.e. plant height and panicle length as well as grain yield and its attributes. Combination of Giza178 with 36 kg P2O5 ha -1 produced the highest grain yield followed by Giza182 with the same levels of phosphorus. Application of phosphorus fertilizer up to 18 kg P2O5 ha -1 gave the maximum grain yield of Sakh105 and Sakha106. Concerning grain quality traits had positive significant effect with increasing phosphorus levels.

Performance of the Rice Variety Egyptian Hybrid-1under Different Levels of Phosphorus Fertilizer and Orthophosphoric Acid as Foliar Spray

“…Application of P fertilizer resulted in ensuring high ATP, which provided high photosynthesis resulted in more assimilates in pre and post heading, which lead to improve panicle filling and consequently increase in weight of panicle. These data are in agreement with those obtained by Sahar and Burbey (2003), Metwally et al, (2012) and Naeem et al, (2016).…”

“…The data also showed that, in both seasons, the untreated control plants (P1) gave the shortest panicle. These results are in agreement with those of Sahar and Burbey (2003), and Metwally et al (2012). Application of foliar spray treatments and their interaction did not show any significant variation in respect of panicle length in both seasons.…”

“…It might be due to the continuous supply of adequate amount of phosphorus for the tested rice cultivar during its different stages that increases the biological and physiological process such as ATP, NAD, and NADP which enhance and increase the photosynthesis and its assimilates consequently increase the filling process. These results are in agreement with those reported by Sahar and Burbey (2003), Alam et al (2009) and Metwally et al (2012). As for foliar spray with 2% orthophosphoric acid, data revealed that spraying the EHR1 cultivar with 2% orthophosphoric acid at any of the tested periods caused an increase in the number of filled grains as compared with the control.…”

“…Naeem et al (2016) reported that P application increased the content of phosphorus leaf, which led to high ATP, NAD and NAPH that improve plant metabolism resulting in high relative growth rate and more tillers and bud formation. A similar trend was found by Alam et al (2009) and Metwally et al (2012). Number of tillers hill -1 was also significantly affected by application of foliar spray treatments (Table 1).…”

“…It could be attributed mainly to P application before planting which, encourage the aboveground nodes to emerge early and effective tillers as well as the role of P for increasing the flowering hormones (phytocrom) which increase the number of panicles during panicle initiation, besides improving panicle growth rate including the number of branches and spikelets. A similar trend was found by Sahar and Burbey (2003), Alam et al (2009) and Metwally et al(2012). Significant variation in the number of panicles hill -1 of EHR1 was observed due to the interaction between P fertilizer as soil application and foliar spray with 2% H 3 PO 4 treatments (Table 4).…”