Performance of Corrugated Metal Ties for Brick Veneer Wall Systems

Choi, Young Hwan; LaFave, James M.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2004)16:3(202)

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…All previously unbroken ties in the upper two rows, as well as the entire upper portion of the wall, were now completely damaged. Most of the tie failure modes noted in the veneer wall collapse matched those observed in the individual tie subassembly study [16]. The dominant tie failure mode in the top row was a straight-line (brittle) fracture, similar to that shown in Fig.…”

Section: Wall-1supporting

confidence: 65%

“…4 for both installation techniques, based on previous tests of brick-tie-wood subassemblies [16]. (Test results of 22 ga. ties for both installation methods exhibited somewhat higher initial stiffness and compressive strength; however, the ultimate tensile strength was similar to that of the 28 ga.…”

Section: Veneer Ties and Anchorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. The overall strength of the top two rows of ties (18 total) in tension, estimated from the single tie subassembly tests, was approximately 13 kN and 12 kN for the first and second tie installation methods, respectively [16]. In effect, then, the four mechanical anchors were intended to be able to completely replace the top two rows of ties, with a capacity of 16 kN.…”

Section: Veneer Ties and Anchorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 from the previous subassembly tests.) The initial tension stiffness of this type of tie is typically governed by straightening of the corrugations (for ties with the bend at the nail) and by opening of the 90-degree bend (for ties with the bend at an eccentricity) [16]. These types of tensile deformations were initially limited by the presence of excess mortar from wall construction.…”

Section: Initial Response Of the Veneer Wallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test specimens represented a variety of possible tie installation conditions that could occur in actual brick veneer construction. The tie subassembly strengths, stiffnesses, and failure modes were determined for different types of loading, including: monotonic tension, monotonic compression, cyclic (low-cycle) tension-compression, monotonic shear, and cyclic shear [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Out-of-plane performance of brick veneer walls on wood frame construction

Reneckis

LaFave

Clarke

2004

Engineering Structures

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Wall-1supporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Veneer Ties and Anchorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Veneer Ties and Anchorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Initial Response Of the Veneer Wallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Out-of-plane performance of brick veneer walls on wood frame construction

Reneckis

LaFave

Clarke

2004

Engineering Structures

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Shaking‐table tests of a full‐scale single‐story masonry veneer wood‐frame structure

Okail

Shing

McGinley

et al. 2010

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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This paper presents the findings of shaking-table experiments conducted to examine the seismic performance of a full-scale, one-story, wood-framed structure with masonry veneer. The structure was designed and constructed in accordance with current U.S. code provisions. The veneer was attached to the wood backing with two kinds of metal anchors, corrugated ties fastened with 8d nails and rigid ties fastened with #8 screws. The tests have shown that the use of nails to fasten veneer anchors to the wood studs is highly unreliable due to the high variation of the nail extraction capacity, which can be influenced by the moisture content of the wood. Other than this, both the wood frame and the masonry veneer performed well under severe ground motions far exceeding a design level earthquake for Seismic Design Category D. Good performance was observed for the rigid veneer ties, which were attached to the wood studs with screws. The results have shown that the veneer walls parallel to the direction of shaking helped to restrain the motion of the wood structure and therefore should not be simply treated as added mass. The detailing of wood roof diaphragms requires special attention in consideration of the out-of-plane inertia force of the veneer that can be transmitted through the top plate of the wood-stud wall to the rim joist.

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Performance of clay masonry veneer in wood‐stud walls subjected to out‐of‐plane seismic loads

Okail

Shing

Klingner

et al. 2010

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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This paper presents the findings of shaking-table experiments conducted to examine the out-of-plane seismic performance of masonry veneer walls. Seven wall assemblies were tested, each consisting of a clay masonry veneer anchored to a wood-stud backing. Design variables include the type of veneer ties, tie spacing, and presence or absence of mortar joint reinforcement and window opening. The walls were designed and constructed in accordance with current US code provisions. Results of the experiments show that failure of the corrugated ties is governed by pullout of the nails from the wood studs, while failure of the rigid ties is governed by detachment from the mortar joints or pull-through of the screw heads through fastener holes. Both types of ties show satisfactory performance under ground motions corresponding to Design Basis and Maximum Considered Earthquakes representative of Seismic Design Category E. Although the rigid ties were stronger than the corrugated ties, they had wider vertical spacing and failed at a slightly higher seismic load. Observed extraction capacities of the nails show high variability, which merits attention. Joint reinforcement did not show any noticeable effect on the out-of-plane behavior of the veneer. Results of an analytical study have shown that the detachment of a veneer from the backing system is preceded by veneer cracking, which influences the distribution of tie forces, and that the vertical tie spacing influences the cracking load for the veneer.

show abstract

Performance of Corrugated Metal Ties for Brick Veneer Wall Systems

Cited by 30 publications

References 1 publication

Out-of-plane performance of brick veneer walls on wood frame construction

Out-of-plane performance of brick veneer walls on wood frame construction

Shaking‐table tests of a full‐scale single‐story masonry veneer wood‐frame structure

Performance of clay masonry veneer in wood‐stud walls subjected to out‐of‐plane seismic loads

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