Performance of conducting polymer electrodes for stimulating neuroprosthetics

Green, Rylie A.; Matteucci, P; Hassarati, Rachelle T.; Giraud, B.; Dodds, C.; Chen, S; Byrnes-Preston, Philip; Suaning, Gregg J.; Poole-Warren, Laura A.; Lovell, Nigel H.

doi:10.1088/1741-2560/10/1/016009

Cited by 115 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Organic electrodes therefore have the potential to transduce ionic signals emanating from neurons into electronic signals, which can be recorded by microelectronic devices (or vice versa). This figure is adapted from the following source and used with permission: Rivnay et al (copyright 2014, American Chemical Society) (Rivnay et al, 2014) poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) exhibit hybrid electronic-ionic conduction and can inject charge through Faradaic reactions (Green et al, 2013). PEDOT-modified electrodes can achieve charge injection capacities that approach values of CIC PEDOT~1 5 mC/cm 2 , a figure-ofmerit that can reduce the characteristic dimension of stimulation electrodes by almost 4X compared to unmodified counterparts.…”

Section: Electrode Materials For Bioelectronic Signal Transductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in materials and flexible electronics for peripheral nerve interfaces

Bettinger

2018

Bioelectron Med

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Peripheral nerve interfaces are a central technology in advancing bioelectronic medicines because these medical devices can record and modulate the activity of nerves that innervate visceral organs. Peripheral nerve interfaces that use electrical signals for recording or stimulation have advanced our collective understanding of the peripheral nervous system. Furthermore, devices such as cuff electrodes and multielectrode arrays of various form factors have been implanted in the peripheral nervous system of humans in several therapeutic contexts. Substantive advances have been made using devices composed of off-the-shelf commodity materials. However, there is also a demand for improved device performance including extended chronic reliability, enhanced biocompatibility, and increased bandwidth for recording and stimulation. These aspirational goals manifest as much needed improvements in device performance including: increasing mechanical compliance (reducing Young's modulus and increasing extensibility); improving the barrier properties of encapsulation materials; reducing impedance and increasing the charge injection capacity of electrode materials; and increasing the spatial resolution of multielectrode arrays. These proposed improvements require new materials and novel microfabrication strategies. This mini-review highlights selected recent advances in flexible electronics for peripheral nerve interfaces. The foci of this mini-review include novel materials for flexible and stretchable substrates, non-conventional microfabrication techniques, strategies for improved device packaging, and materials to improve signal transduction across the tissue-electrode interface. Taken together, this article highlights challenges and opportunities in materials science and processing to improve the performance of peripheral nerve interfaces and advance bioelectronic medicine.

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Section: Electrode Materials For Bioelectronic Signal Transductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in materials and flexible electronics for peripheral nerve interfaces

Bettinger

2018

Bioelectron Med

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“…Progress is currently reaching a bottleneck, however, because traditional electronic materials, mostly metals and inorganic semiconductors, cannot satisfy the requirements of matching mechanical strength with biological systems 3,4 , high biocompatibility 5,6 , and stable electrical transduction [7][8][9][10][11] that are necessary for interfacial communication between materials and neural cells. Therefore, the focus has shifted recently towards the application of electrically conducting polymers (ECPs), which are conductors (or semiconductors) like metals, but with the ability to readily tailor their structures through covalent modification of their organic frameworks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the interfacial impedance of PEDOT at 1 kHz is not only significantly less than that of Pt 33 but also smaller than that of iridium oxide 10 , one of the most investigated electrode materials. PEDOT also displays a large charge storage capability with a small potential excursion 10,11 . These outstanding electrical properties allow PEDOT to provide stable electrical communications with attached cells and tissues, and efficiently deliver charges to them over extended periods of time 34 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Large enhancement in neurite outgrowth on a cell membrane-mimicking conducting polymer

et al. 2014

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Although electrically stimulated neurite outgrowth on bioelectronic devices is a promising means of nerve regeneration, immunogenic scar formation can insulate electrodes from targeted cells and tissues, thereby reducing the lifetime of the device. Ideally, an electrode material capable of electrically interfacing with neurons selectively and efficiently would be integrated without being recognized by the immune system and minimize its response. Here we develop a cell membrane-mimicking conducting polymer possessing several attractive features. This polymer displays high resistance towards nonspecific enzyme/cell binding and recognizes targeted cells specifically to allow intimate electrical communication over long periods of time. Its low electrical impedance relays electrical signals efficiently. This material is capable to integrate biochemical and electrical stimulation to promote neural cellular behaviour. Neurite outgrowth is enhanced greatly on this new conducting polymer; in addition, electrically stimulated secretion of proteins from primary Schwann cells can also occur on it.

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“…Further, CP electrodes can provide a higher charge injection limit [115], i.e. the amount of charge that can be delivered within the potential region where no adverse effects such as water hydrolysis are observed.…”

Section: Electronic Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monopolar and Bipolar Membranes in Organic Bioelectronic Devices

Gabrielsson¹

2014

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In the 1970s it was discovered that organic polymers, a class of materials otherwise best know as insulating plastics, could be made electronically conductive. As an alternative to silicon semiconductors, organic polymers offer many novel features, characteristics, and opportunities, such as producing electronics at low costs using printing techniques, using organic chemistry to tune optical and electronic properties, and mechanical flexibility. The conducting organic polymers have been used in a vast array of devices, exemplified by organic transistors, light-emitting diodes, and solar cells. Due to their softness, biocompatibility, and combined electronic and ionic transport, organic electronic materials are also well suited as the active material in bioelectronic applications, a scientific and engineering area in which electronics interface with biology. The coupling of ions and electrons is especially interesting, as ions serve as signal carriers in all living organisms, thus offering a direct translation of electronic and ionic signals. To further enable complex control of ionic fluxes, organic electronic materials can be integrated with various ionic components, such as ion-conducting diodes and transistors.This thesis reports a background to the field of organic bioelectronic and ionic devices, and also presents the integration of ionic functions into organic bioelectronic devices. First, an electrophoretic drug delivery device is presented, capable of delivering ions at high spatiotemporal resolution. The device, called the organic electronic ion pump, is used to electronically control amyloid-like aggregation kinetics and morphology of peptides, and offers an interesting method for studying amyloids in vitro. Second, various ion-conducting diodes based on bipolar membranes are described. These diodes show high rectification ratio, i.e. conduct ions better for positive than for negative applied voltage. Simple ion diode based circuits, such as an AND gate and a full-wave rectifier, are also reported. The AND gate is intended as an addressable pH pixel to regulate for example amyloid aggregation, while the full-wave rectifier decouples the electrochemical capacity of an electrode from the amount of ionic charge it can generate. Third, an ion transistor, also based on bipolar membranes, is presented. This transistor can amplify and control ionic currents, and is suitable for building complex ionic logic circuits. Together, these results provide a basic toolbox of ionic components that is suitable for building more complex and/or implantable organic bioelectronic devices.v Populärvetenskaplig SammanfattningItalienaren Luigi Galvani experimenterade under 1700-talet med vad han kallade animalisk elektricitet, eller bioelektricitet. Genom att vidröra en död grodas benmuskler med olika metallelektroder kunde Galvani framkalla rörelser i grodans ben. Detta kan anses vara starten för användandet av elektricitet för att studera, mäta eller stimulera levande biologiska system och processer. Det senaste århu...

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Performance of conducting polymer electrodes for stimulating neuroprosthetics

Cited by 115 publications

References 36 publications

Recent advances in materials and flexible electronics for peripheral nerve interfaces

Recent advances in materials and flexible electronics for peripheral nerve interfaces

Large enhancement in neurite outgrowth on a cell membrane-mimicking conducting polymer

Monopolar and Bipolar Membranes in Organic Bioelectronic Devices

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