Performance of computer-aided detection of pulmonary nodules in low-dose CT: comparison with double reading by nodule volume

Abstract

Objective To evaluate performance of computer-aided detection (CAD) beyond double reading for pulmonary nodules on low-dose computed tomography (CT) by nodule volume. Methods A total of 400 low-dose chest CT examinations were randomly selected from the NELSON lung cancer screening trial. CTs were evaluated by two independent readers and processed by CAD. A total of 1,667 findings marked by readers and/or CAD were evaluated by a consensus panel of expert chest radiologists. Performance was evaluated by calculating sensitivity of pulmonary nodule detection and number of false positives, by nodule characteristics and volume. Results According to the screening protocol, 90.9 % of the findings could be excluded from further evaluation, 49.2 % being small nodules (less than 50 mm 3 ). Excluding small nodules reduced false-positive detections by CAD from 3.7 to 1.9 per examination. Of 151 findings that needed further evaluation, 33 (21.9 %) were detected by CAD only, one of them being diagnosed as lung cancer the following year. The sensitivity of nodule detection was 78.1 % for double reading and 96.7 % for CAD. A total of 69.7 % of nodules undetected by readers were attached nodules of which 78.3 % were vessel-attached. Conclusions CAD is valuable in lung cancer screening to improve sensitivity of pulmonary nodule detection beyond double reading, at a low false-positive rate when excluding small nodules. Key Points • Computer-aided detection (CAD) has known advantages for computed tomography (CT). • Combined CAD/nodule size cut-off parameters assist CT lung cancer screening. • This combination improves the sensitivity of pulmonary nodule detection by CT. • It increases the positive predictive value for cancer detection.

Performance of ultralow-dose CT with iterative reconstruction in lung cancer screening: limiting radiation exposure to the equivalent of conventional chest X-ray imaging

“…Various secondary read-out tools exist that can increase the detection rate for small lung nodules, such as the use of maximum intensity projections (MIP) [17] or computer-aided detection (CAD) software [18,19].…”

Inter- and intrascanner variability of pulmonary nodule volumetry on low-dose 64-row CT: an anthropomorphic phantom study

“…Many lung cancers are found at a relatively late stage, resulting in a 5-year survival of only 15% or less [2]. Low-dose CT is a promising screening method for early detection of lung cancer [3][4][5][6][7]. The first result indicates that CT lung cancer screening can reduce lung cancer-specific mortality [8].…”

Screening for lung cancer by imaging: the NELSON study

“…The sensitivity of nodule detection by readers for nodules with need of further evaluation could have increased by 18.6% (from 78.1% to 96.7%) if CAD had also been used. However, only one lung cancer missed by readers was detected by CAD (19).…”