Performance of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentumM.) in response to row spacing under ridge and furrow cropping systems in a semiarid region of China

Abstract

Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (CO 2 ) is an important component of global climate change that will have a significant impact on the productivity of crop plants. In recent years, growth and yield of agricultural crop plants have been shown to increase with elevated CO 2 (EC) and have enticed considerable interest due to variation in the response of crop plants. In this study, comparative response of two mung bean cultivars (HUM-2 and HUM-6) was evaluated against EC at different growth stages under near-natural conditions for two consecutive years. The plants were grown in ambient as well as EC (700 ppm) in specially designed open-top chambers. Under elevated CO 2 , marked down-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, membrane disruption and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were noticed in both the cultivars, but the extent of reduction was more in HUM-6. As compared to ambient CO 2 , EC increased total chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, growth and yield parameters. Cultivar-specific response was noticed as HUM-6 showed higher increase in yield attributes than HUM-2. Under CO 2 treatment, soluble protein and reducing sugars decreased while total soluble sugars and starch showed an opposite trend. Principal component analysis showed that both the cultivars responded more or less similarly to EC in their respective groupings of physiological and growth parameters, but the magnitude of ROS and antioxidative enzymes was variable. The experimental findings depict that both the cultivars of mung bean showed contrasting response against EC and paved the way for selecting the suitable cultivar having higher productivity in a future high-CO 2 environment.

Buckwheat Yield Traits Response as Influenced by Row Spacing, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Management

“…The selection of buckwheat genotypes suitable for further breeding requires the characterization and evaluation of genetic resources [48]. Significant differences among years and genotypes were observed for morphological traits [49,50]. Due to the great nutritional value of buckwheat, certification should be worked on as well as branding buckwheat products, because buckwheat has a significant place in programs of integral and organic production systems.…”

Evaluation of Active Ingredient and Grain Yield of Buckwheat Affected by Sowing date, Planting Pattern and Nitrogen in Summer Cultivation

“…In the planting pattern of P 1 (50 cm mounds with 2 planting rows and the intervals of 20 cm), due to high contest of single-bush plants, generative stage will begin earlier and the maximum number of flowers may be achieved while harvesting the flowers to measure the rutin percent. In a study on how to grow buckwheat, they reported that planting two rows in dry and semi-arid areas were the best way to optimally consume soil nitrogen [37]. In relation to nitrogen treatment, as reported, nutrients are one of the most important factors affecting the amount of active ingredient.…”

“…It was reported that the use of 35 kg of nitrogen per hectare yields the highest rutin yield per grain [17]. The association between optimal nitrogen consumption with plant density and two-row planting arrangement in buckwheat has been reported [37,62]. Honermier and Wagenbreth (2000) have seen the increase of rutin percent as 18 to 29 % in the buckwheat using 0 to 90 Kg ha -1 of nitrogen [47].…”

“…Also, increasing the yield of plants between and on the rows was because of the fact that each phant used more sunlight and available sources in this situation. It has been reported that double-row planting in arid and semi-arid regions results in optimal nitrogen fertilizer consumption [37].…”

Design and Experiment of the Buckwheat Hill-Drop Planter Hole Forming Device

“…Due to the irregular shape of buckwheat seeds and the difficulty of mechanized seeding, the yield and production efficiency of buckwheat are low [5], which severely restricts the development of the buckwheat industry [6]. At present, there are three main seeding methods for buckwheat, including drill seeding, broadcast seeding and hole seeding [7,8]. Compared with drill seeding and broadcast seeding, hole seeding planting has the advantages of strong seedling breaking ability, fast seedling emergence, and high average yield [9], which meets the needs of precision agriculture operations.…”