“…For example, Alibakhshi, Reza, and Moghadam (2016) affirmed that an amateur investor can make similar investments to those of professionals. Other scholars have cited good versus bad luck as a key factor (Ayadi, Ben-Ameur, & Kryzanowski, 2016;Ayadi, Chaibi, & Kryzanowski, 2016;Blake, Caulfield, Ioannidis, & Tonks, 2017). Andreu and Puetz (2017) affirmed that individuals with university degrees can be found at either extreme: outstanding returns or devastating losses.…”