Performance of Caisson Type Quay Walls at Kobe Port

Inagaki, Hirofumi; Iai, Susumu; Sugano, Takuo; Yamazaki, Hiroyuki; Inatomi, Takamasa

doi:10.3208/sandf.36.special_119

Cited by 128 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Previous studies have investigated pre-and postearthquake soil properties in deposits subject to liquefaction. In several of those studies, soil properties were observed to not change noticeably ͑e.g., Inagaki et al 1996;Boulanger et al 1997͒; whereas in others small increases in penetration resistance were observed ͑e.g., Chameau et al 1991;Frost et al 1993;Shibata et al 1996͒. Sites with noticeable changes in properties consisted of recent artificial fills typically having relatively low penetration resistance standard penetration test ͑SPT͒ ͑N Ͻ 10͒, whereas sites without soil property changes consisted of fills and alluvia having somewhat higher penetration resistance ͑SPT N Ͼ 10͒.…”

Section: Critical Layer Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CPT-Based Probabilistic and Deterministic Assessment of In Situ Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential

Moss

Seed

Kayen

et al. 2006

J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.

392

207

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This paper presents a complete methodology for both probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction triggering potential based on the cone penetration test ͑CPT͒. A comprehensive worldwide set of CPT-based liquefaction field case histories were compiled and back analyzed, and the data then used to develop probabilistic triggering correlations. Issues investigated in this study include improved normalization of CPT resistance measurements for the influence of effective overburden stress, and adjustment to CPT tip resistance for the potential influence of "thin" liquefiable layers. The effects of soil type and soil character ͑i.e., "fines" adjustment͒ for the new correlations are based on a combination of CPT tip and sleeve resistance. To quantify probability for performancebased engineering applications, Bayesian "regression" methods were used, and the uncertainties of all variables comprising both the seismic demand and the liquefaction resistance were estimated and included in the analysis. The resulting correlations were developed using a Bayesian framework and are presented in both probabilistic and deterministic formats. The results are compared to previous probabilistic and deterministic correlations.

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Section: Critical Layer Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CPT-Based Probabilistic and Deterministic Assessment of In Situ Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential

Moss

Seed

Kayen

et al. 2006

J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.

392

207

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“…The displacement of the caisson obtained from the shake table tests agreed with those measured after the earthquake. The results of these investigations (Inagaki et al 1996) suggested that the increase in excess pore water pressure, in the foundation soil underneath the caisson and the backfill soil, significantly increased the deformation of the caisson walls. Also, the results of the effective stress analyses were consistent with those measured, including the failure mode and deformation, suggesting that the cyclic behavior of soil can explain the actual damages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Restration of Port Facilities After the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake

Sugano

2004

Journal of JAEE

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ABSTRACT:It is well known that the port facilities in Kobe Port suffered severe damages during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake. Especially, many caisson type quay walls were damaged during the earthquake. In order to mitigate hazards and losses due to earthquakes, seismic design methodologies have been developed and revised after each past earthquake event. The design practice of port structures in Japan introduced a performance based design concept as a result of damage investigations after the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake. The restoration of Kobe Port was based on following philosophies: 1) quick recovery of the functions of the port, 2) improve seismic performance, 3) renewal with change the function of facilities and 4) continued operation of the port during restore works.

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“…In particular, a model based on a multiple shear mechanism defined in strain space has been shown to be promising (Iai et al, 1992a). During the Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake of 1995, Kobe Port was shaken with a strong motion having peak ground accelerations of 0.54 g and 0.45 g in the horizontal and vertical directions (Inagaki et al, 1996). Many port structures were damaged.…”

Section: Port Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, in-situ soil freeze sampling was performed at two sites at Kobe Port. Undisturbed samples 60 cm long with a diameter of 30 cm were used for the cyclic triaxial tests (Inagaki et al, 1996). The specific values of the parameters used for the analyses are shown for each structure analyzed.…”

Section: Effective Stress Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effective Stress Analyses of Port Structures

Iai

Ichii

Liu

et al. 1998

SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS

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Effective stress analyses are performed on the seismic response of port structures during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake. The structures analyzed include: caisson type quay walls which moved up to 5 m maximum toward the sea; pneumatic caisson type bridge foundations which moved toward the sea, reducing the distance between the bridge foundations across a sea channel by a total of 0.8 m; and composite breakwaters which settled 2 m. Although these structures were all a rigid concrete type and shaken by the same earthquake, the mode and extent of deformation/ failure were different depending on the backfill and embedment conditions of the structures.The constitutive model of soil used for the seismic analyses is a multiple mechanism model defined in strain space. The model can take the effect of principal stress axis rotation into account, which is known to play an important role in the cyclic behavior of sand under anisotropic stress conditions. The model parameters are calibrated based on insitu and laboratory investigations, including in-situ freeze sampling. The results of the effective stress analyses are consistent with those measured, including the mode and extent of deformation/ failure, suggesting that the cyclic behavior of soil, idealized through the effective stress model, can explain the variety of seismic response of the port structures in a unified manner.

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Performance of Caisson Type Quay Walls at Kobe Port

Cited by 128 publications

References 3 publications

CPT-Based Probabilistic and Deterministic Assessment of In Situ Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential

CPT-Based Probabilistic and Deterministic Assessment of In Situ Seismic Soil Liquefaction Potential

Restration of Port Facilities After the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake

Effective Stress Analyses of Port Structures

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