Performance of boron/carbon first wall materials under fusion relevant conditions

Linke, J.; Bolt, H.; Doerner, R.; Grübmeier, H.; Hirooka, Y.; Hoven, H.; Mingam, C.; Schulze, Hendrik; Seki, Masanori; Wallura, E.; Weber, Th.; Winter, J.

doi:10.1016/0022-3115(90)90157-i

Cited by 28 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…. This testing facility is mainly used for thermal fatigue as well as for thermal shock experiments of carbon based beryllium and tungsten materials for divertor and first wall components of nuclear fusion devices …”

Section: The Electron Beam Test Facility Judithmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, a completely new and very fast testing method for ceramic refractory materials in vacuum by application of an electron beam testing facility is introduced, mainly to prevent any chemical reactions of tested materials with a test medium and to apply a fast thermal shock on heating (application relevant thermal stress state). Electron beam material testing facilities are already well known for tests of plasma facing components, which are used in nuclear fusion devices and consists of materials like beryllium, tungsten, or carbon‐based materials for plasma facing components . As already mentioned before, these testing facilities also offer an innovative method for thermal shock of ceramic refractories on heating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Shock Testing of Refractory Materials Using an Electron Beam Materials Test Facility

Thomser

Skiera

Buerger

et al. 2012

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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The thermal shock behavior of ceramic refractory materials is of particular interest. These materials are usually tested in downward thermal shocks by cooling hot specimens in water or air. In contrast to this method, the use of electron beam material testing facilities offers an alternative approach to perform thermal shock tests on heating. The method of thermal shock testing by an electron beam is introduced for ceramic refractory materials within this article. Finally, the material degradation of a carbon bonded MgO refractory material due to thermals shocks, applied with the electron beam, is presented.

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Section: The Electron Beam Test Facility Judithmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Shock Testing of Refractory Materials Using an Electron Beam Materials Test Facility

Thomser

Skiera

Buerger

et al. 2012

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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“…---I -O 100 200 300 400 500 600 Time / s Fig. 4 Comparison of the temperatures of the mock-up with and without soft carbon sheet as an interlayer. The cooling conditions are a 2 MW/m2 heat flux and a 6 m3/h water flow rate sheet helped reduce the area of non-contact between the graphite tile and copper alloy, where the mode of heat transfer was not conducting but radiation; therefore effectively improved the thermal contact at the interface and lowered the temperature of the surface and shortened the cooling time.…”

Section: Heat Load Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Behavior of Carbon and Copper Alloy Heat Sink Under Different Heat Loads and Cooling Conditions

Li¹,

Li²,

Chen³

et al. 2005

Plasma Sci. Tech.

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An actively water-cooled limiter has been designed for the long pulse operation of a n HT-7 device, by adopting an integrated structure-doped graphite and a copper alloy heat sink with a super carbon sheet serving as a compliant layer between them. The behaviors of the integrated structure were evaluated in an electron beam facility under different heat loads and cooling conditions. The surface temperature and bulk temperature distribution were carefully measured by optical pyrometers and thermocouples under a steady state heat flux of 1 to 5 MW/m2 and a water flow rate of 3 m3/h, 4.5 rn3/h and 6 m3/h, respectively. It was found that the surface temperature increased rapidly with the heat flux rising, but decreased only slightly with the water flow rate rising. The surface temperature reached approximately 1200OC at 5 MW/m2 of heat flux and 6 m3/h of water flow. The primary experimental results indicate that the integrated design meets the requirements for the heat expelling capacity of the HT-7 device. A set of numerical simulations was also completed, whose outcome was in good accord with the experimental results.

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“…The transition behveen the estimates (5) and 8[and (6) and (9)] occurs at the point where inequality (7) becomes equality.…”

Section: 'mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Near a Divertor Plate: Effects of Surface Roughness and Particle Drifts

Cohen

Ryutov

2000

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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The &ace of a divertor plate has usually a certain degree of "roughuess." Depending of the material and the exposure time, the size of smface features may range from submicrons to a fraction of a millimeter, covering a range of spatial scales from well below the electron gyroradius, p,. to significantly above the ion gyroradius, pP The plasma approaches the divertor plate along a magnetic field .which forms a shallow angle,. a<< 1, with the plate smface.. Under such circumstances, a significant "shadowing" &ect takes place, with only a small part of the surface being accessible to the plasma particles. A methodology is presented that allows one to find the fraction (E, and q) of the &face ,x \ /'b ~geomehically accessible for the elec$ns ,+l tlqe. ions. At small a, qi are typically small, meaning a x I ' \ strong lo& ;:&ucement of hqt aud particle fluxes. In a broad range of parameters, E, is also much smaller hall"; Xa t&a smfaci f&tmes are usually greater than the Debye radius, this leads to the formation of an ambipolar potential which causes reflection of part of the ions from the smface. The resulting albedo of the divertor plate for the plasma ions can be as high as 50%. Gradual diffusion of the plasma electrons into the zones reflecting the ions, reduces ambipolar fields and brings the ion albedo back to very small values. We preseut estimates of the time scales governing the neutralization process. This time scale shows itself up in the sheath boundary conditions for non-steady-state pertmbations. The effa of smface roughness on sean&ry electron emission is discussed and it is shown that, depending on the smface structure, 'it may be smaller or greater than for a perfe&ly flat plate. We amsider modifications of the sheath ument-voltage charactezisti~ by particle drifts. The presence of re&cted ions mduces the ion diamagnetic cutrent in the ion sub-sheath aad significantly changes the ion response. This, in turn, affects sheath-contn&d instabilities, which are sensitive to the tilt of the magnetic field.

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Performance of boron/carbon first wall materials under fusion relevant conditions

Cited by 28 publications

References 4 publications

Thermal Shock Testing of Refractory Materials Using an Electron Beam Materials Test Facility

Thermal Shock Testing of Refractory Materials Using an Electron Beam Materials Test Facility

Integrated Behavior of Carbon and Copper Alloy Heat Sink Under Different Heat Loads and Cooling Conditions

Plasma Near a Divertor Plate: Effects of Surface Roughness and Particle Drifts

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