Performance of Bio-Rad HIV-1/2 Confirmatory Assay in HIV-1, HIV-2 and HIV-1/2 dually reactive patients - comparison with INNO-LIA and immunocomb discriminatory assays

Lindman, Jacob; Hønge, Bo Langhoff; Kjerulff, Bertram; Medina, Candida; Silva, Zacarias José da; Erikstrup, Christian; Norrgren, Hans; Månsson, Fredrik

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.03.005

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Discrepancies between viral suppression and self-reporting of not being on ART has been shown also in other studies of FSW [13,14]. The most likely explanation is misclassification, but it could also be possible that a small proportion of these women were elite controllers [21,43]. Regarding HIVDR data, the sample was small and therefore limited the generalizability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…At LNSP, a confirmatory discriminatory HIV test was performed using Immunocomb HIV1/2 BiSpot (Orgenics, Yavne, Israel) until September 2016, and thereafter Geenius 1/2 confirmatory assay (Biorad, Marnes-al-Coquette, France) as the production of Immunocomb ceased. Immunocomb and Geenius has been evaluated in parallel towards ability to discriminate between HIV-type [21]. CD4 measurement was obtained using the FACSPresto-Near Patient CD4 counter (Becton-Dickinson, NYSE:BDX, USA) [22].…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The HIV care continuum and HIV-1 drug resistance among female sex workers: a key population in Guinea-Bissau

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Female sex workers (FSW) are considered a key group for HIV transmissions in sub-Saharan Africa. The HIV Care Continuum and HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) among FSW has not been well studied in most countries in West Africa. In the current study we describe the HIV Care continuum and prevalence of HIVDR among FSW in Guinea-Bissau. Methods: A venue-based recruitment and peer-referral of FSW was used in seven cities in Guinea-Bissau from October 2014 to September 2017. We administered a questionnaire, performed discriminatory HIV-testing and collected blood specimens for CD4 count, viral load and HIVDR genotyping. Results: The survey included 440 FSW. The overall HIV-prevalence among FSW was 26.8%. Of the HIV-1 (HIV-1 singleor dually HIV-1/HIV-2) infected FSW (N = 104), 58.7% were previously diagnosed with HIV-1 at enrolment and 41.4% reported taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) compared to 28.6% of the HIV-2 single-infected FSW (N = 14). Among HIV-1 infected FSW on ART (N = 43), 55.8% were virally suppressed (< 1000 copies/ml) and of all HIV-1 infected FSW, 29.8% were virally suppressed. Among ART experienced FSW (N = 22), 50.0% had HIVDR. HIVDR was also found in 9.4% of treatment naïve FSW (N = 53). Conclusion: The majority of FSW who knew their HIV status received ART, however a large proportion of FSW were not aware of their HIV positive status. This translated into a great majority of the HIV-infected FSW not being virally suppressed. Amongst treatment naïve FSW nearly a tenth had HIVDR, suggesting that sexual transmission of HIVDR is occurring in this at-risk-population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The HIV care continuum and HIV-1 drug resistance among female sex workers: a key population in Guinea-Bissau

et al. 2020

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“…Thinking beyond one-pill-once-a-day, long-acting ARTs such as injectable drugs or implants may be a better treatment option in settings like Guinea-Bissau and may even pave the way for an HIV cure. Since HIV-2 seems to be susceptible to integrase inhibitors, long-acting Cabotegravir may even be a valid option in all patients irrespective of HIV type, making the problem with unreliable HIV discriminatory rapid tests less important [9,85,86]. These methods will also require patients to show up for injections at regular intervals but long-acting ARTs provide invisibility to oneself, one's partner and household members, and has been preferred in some African studies [87].…”

Section: Perspectives Regarding Long-acting Arts and Hiv Curementioning

confidence: 99%

HIV treatment in Guinea-Bissau: room for improvement and time for new treatment options

et al. 2020

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Despite advances in the treatment quality of HIV throughout the world, several countries are still facing numerous obstacles in delivering HIV treatment at a sufficiently high quality, putting patients’ lives in jeopardy. The aim of this status article is to give an overview of HIV treatment outcomes in the West African country, Guinea-Bissau, and to assess how newer treatment strategies such as long-acting injectable drugs or an HIV cure may limit or stop the HIV epidemic in this politically unstable and low-resource setting. Several HIV cohorts in Guinea-Bissau have been established and are used as platforms for epidemiological, virological, immunological and clinical studies often with a special focus on HIV-2, which is prevalent in the country. The Bandim Health Project, a demographic surveillance site, has performed epidemiological HIV surveys since 1987 among an urban population in the capital Bissau. The Police cohort, an occupational cohort of police officers, has enabled analyses of persons seroconverting with estimated times of seroconversion among HIV-1 and HIV-2-infected individuals, allowing incidence measurements while the Bissau HIV Cohort and a newer Nationwide HIV Cohort have provided clinical data on large numbers of HIV-infected patients. The HIV cohorts in Guinea-Bissau are unique platforms for research and represent real life in many African countries. Poor adherence, lack of HIV viral load measurements, inadequate laboratory facilities, high rates of loss to follow-up, mortality, treatment failure and resistance development, are just some of the challenges faced putting the goal of “90–90–90″ for Guinea-Bissau well out of reach by 2020. Maintaining undetectable viral loads on treatment as a prerequisite of a cure strategy seems not possible at the moment. Thinking beyond one-pill-once-a-day, long-acting antiretroviral treatment options such as injectable drugs or implants may be a better treatment option in settings like Guinea-Bissau and may even pave the way for an HIV cure. If the delivery of antiretroviral treatment in sub-Saharan Africa in a sustainable way for the future should be improved by focusing on existing treatment options or through focusing on new treatment options remains to be determined.

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“…The utility of Geenius HIV confirmation using DBS specimen has been established and proven as a rapid as well as a reliable alternate to other HIV confirmation assays [24]. Additionally, the performance of Geenius HIV-1/2 supplementary assay has similarly been documented in multiple public health testing populations [30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

High level of HIV false positives using EIA-based algorithm in survey: Importance of confirmatory testing

et al. 2020

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The Mozambique Indicators of Immunization, Malaria and HIV/AIDS (IMASIDA) survey was conducted in 2015 and used a two Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) (Vironostika HIV-1/2 and Murex HIV-1/2) based algorithm to determine the HIV status of the consented participants. The Mozambique Ministry of Health, with support from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC), added Bio-Rad Geenius™ HIV-1/2 Supplemental Assay to the IMASIDA HIV testing algorithm to confirm all specimens that were found to be reactive on one or both EIAs. In total 11690 specimens were collected to estimate the proportion of HIV positive samples. Results indicate that the proportion of HIV positive samples based on the concordant positive results of two EIA assays was 21.5% (2518/11690). The addition of the Geenius assay to the IMASIDA HIV testing algorithm demonstrated that 792 (31.5%) of 2518 specimens were false-positive and reduced the proportion of HIV positive samples to 14.7% (1722/11690), demonstrating the importance of including a highly specific HIV test to confirm HIV diagnosis. HIV surveys exclusively based on EIA testing algorithm may result in misleading high prevalence results. Our results demonstrate that more specific confirmatory testing should be added to the EIA-based algorithms to ensure accurate HIV diagnosis and correct HIV prevalence estimate in cross-sectional surveys.

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Performance of Bio-Rad HIV-1/2 Confirmatory Assay in HIV-1, HIV-2 and HIV-1/2 dually reactive patients - comparison with INNO-LIA and immunocomb discriminatory assays

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

The HIV care continuum and HIV-1 drug resistance among female sex workers: a key population in Guinea-Bissau

The HIV care continuum and HIV-1 drug resistance among female sex workers: a key population in Guinea-Bissau

HIV treatment in Guinea-Bissau: room for improvement and time for new treatment options

High level of HIV false positives using EIA-based algorithm in survey: Importance of confirmatory testing

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