Performance of beryllium, carbon, and tungsten under intense thermal fluxes

Linke, J.; Akiba, Masato; Bolt, H.; Breitbach, G.; Duwe, R.; Makhankov, A.; Ovchinnikov, I.; Rödig, M.; Wallura, E.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3115(97)80222-x

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…For the planned fusion reactor ITER the expected heat flux due to ELMs is much higher due to the larger dimension of the device when compared with JET. This may cause major damage to the plasma vessel, such as surface cracking and melting [4]. Existing theories describe ELMs as a mixture of pressure-driven and current-driven instabilities, the peeling-ballooning instability [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoelectric currents and their role during ELM formation in JET

et al. 2012

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A recently developed numerical model, describing a self-amplification and structure formation process which is used to model the initial non-linear growth phase of edge-localized modes (ELMs), is applied to the JET tokamak. Connection length simulations of the magnetic topology, including only error fields, for JET reveal the existence of small, so-called short connection length flux tubes. Such a configuration is used as the starting point for the model. Thermoelectric currents are assumed to flow in the short connection length flux tubes and add additional magnetic perturbations which change the magnetic topology severely. The change in magnetic topology leads to the formation of new, much larger short connection length flux tubes that can conduct much larger currents through the plasma edge. The current density inside the flux tubes is assumed to be constant to calculate the total current. This self-amplification process leads to the formation of patterns, known as footprints, on various segments of the inner wall throughout the vessel. The resulting footprints and their relation to the observed ELM patterns during discharges are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoelectric currents and their role during ELM formation in JET

et al. 2012

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“…A carbon fibre composite can be used for the vertical target of the divertor, but has some drawbacks, such as high tritium retention and the reduction of thermal conductivity after neutron irradiation. The disadvantages of tungsten are its high atomic number, brittleness at low temperatures and neutron activation . There is also an urgent need for an irradiation database.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thed isadvantages of tungsten are its high atomic number, brittleness at low temperatures and neutron activation. [29][30][31][32][33] There is also an urgent need for an irradiation database.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractory Materials for Energy Applications

et al. 2017

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The most extensively used refractory metals are tungsten, tantalum, niobium, rhenium, unalloyed molybdenum and its principal alloy, TZM. All of them are characterised by their extremely high melting point above 2000 °C (2273 K) and high hardness at room temperature. They are used in demanding applications that require high‐temperature strength and corrosion resistance, for example, wire filaments, casting moulds and chemical reaction vessels in corrosive environments. This contribution is focused on tungsten and new tungsten materials. The intrinsic problems of these materials, that is, their brittleness (even at elevated temperatures), thermal load capacity, heat conductivity, recrystallization, irradiation damage and specific defect processes, such as helium bubbles, swelling, new kinds of surface reactions, crack formation, brittle‐to‐ductile transition and tritium retention, require the development and assessment of new tungsten materials, and also new fabrication routes and processes.

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Numerical Evaluation on Heat Shock Resistance of Two ITER-Like First Wall Mockups

Huang

Zhao

2015

J Fusion Energ

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Performance of beryllium, carbon, and tungsten under intense thermal fluxes

Cited by 21 publications

References 2 publications

Thermoelectric currents and their role during ELM formation in JET

Thermoelectric currents and their role during ELM formation in JET

Refractory Materials for Energy Applications

Numerical Evaluation on Heat Shock Resistance of Two ITER-Like First Wall Mockups

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