“…Visual scanning places further demands on the attentional system (i.e., induces workload; Wickens & Carswell, 1995). Moreover, it has been recommended that surgeons use multiple monitors to display the surgical site during surgery (Matern, Faist, Kehl, Giebmeyer, & Buess, 2005;Rogers, Heath, Uy, Suresh, & Kaber, 2012;Shah et al, 2009), which also increases visual scanning. It is important to assess how surgical performance is affected when surgeons perform attentionally demanding secondary tasks that necessitate visual scanning.…”