Performance of Anesthetic Depth Indexes in Rabbits under Propofol Anesthesia

Abstract

Background:The permutation entropy, the approximate entropy, and the index of consciousness are some of the most recently studied electroencephalogram-derived indexes. In this work, a thorough comparison of these indexes was performed using propofol anesthesia in a rabbit model. Methods: Six rabbits were anesthetized with three propofol infusion rates: 70, 100, and 130 mg ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ h

Permutation Entropy and Its Main Biomedical and Econophysics Applications: A Review

“…In addition, the prediction probability was slightly higher for CMSPE and correlated well with the level of anesthesia. These results were consistent with those of a recent study [74], where promising results in terms of evaluation of depth of anesthesia were found with both single-scale permutation and multiscale permutation entropy.…”

“…In what follows, we give a brief overview of applications of ordinal time series analysis to studies of brain (electrical) activity, namely in epilepsy research [63][64][65][66][67][68][69], in anesthesiology [70][71][72][73][74], and cognitive neuroscience [75,76]. All the studies reviewed below investigated brain electrical activity, recorded with electroencephalographic (EEG) techniques.…”

“…Electroencephalogram-based parameters typically aim at reducing the complex observed electroencephalographic pattern to a single value associated with the anesthetic drug effect and clinical patient status, e.g., consciousness and unconsciousness. These issues were examined in various studies [70,[72][73][74]79], which consistently showed that permutation entropy can be used to efficiently discriminate between different levels of consciousness during anesthesia, providing an index of the anesthetic drug effect.…”

Multivariate Multi-Scale Permutation Entropy for Complexity Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease EEG

“…As an invariant measure, PE is expected to quantify the complexity of the system generating the time series, by discerning the relative change of complexity from limited amount of data. On the other hand, PE reflects just one aspect of the ordinal structure of the signal, thus, some additional investigations are advisable to fully understand both its advantages and limitations [11].…”

“…In the literature, two papers report on a different way of taking into account time scale variations with reference to PE: a composite index is there derived from two or three different levels. In [13] the index takes into account two values of the time-lag, τ, used as a scale factor; in [11], the authors calculate a multiple scale parameter by considering three successive scales.…”