Performance of an ePTFE-Reinforced Membrane Electrode Assembly for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Xing, Yijing; Liu, Lei; Li, Zhuoqun; Li, Yifan; Fu, Zhiyong; Li, Haibin

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01974

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The common MEA fabrication methods show the tremendous potential in the current development of MEA manufacturing. Notably, MEAs prepared by the CCM methods have lower interfacial resistance between the membrane and CL than those prepared by the CCE methods, but CCMs can easily form cracks in the CL due to the vaporization of the solvent in the catalyst ink as well as the swelling of the membrane [56,57]. In view of the limitation of traditional methods, novel MEA fabrication methods are desired to overcome these challenges.…”

Section: Other Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief introduction of electrode fabrication for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers

Lin

Seow

2023

J. Phys. Energy

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Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) is a major enabler of green hydrogen production. The development of water electrolyzers is a vital step in driving the progress of a hydrogen-based economy. The system inside the electrolyzer is a zero-gap cell featuring low ohmic resistance and boosted mass transport, leading to higher energy efficiency and minimized capital cost. Besides, utilizing PEM in the electrolyzer for sustainable hydrogen production enables the system to perform with many advantages, including superior energy efficiency, higher hydrogen purity, and high flexibility. Therefore, as PEM electrolyzers continue to evolve, sustainable hydrogen production on a larger scale will be realized in the near future. This review summarizes the status quo of PEM water electrolyzers in the past four years. We will start with a brief introduction of the core of a water electrolyzer, namely the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), which will be followed by an introduction of fabrication methods of MEA, including catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) methods, catalyst-coated electrode (CCE) methods, and other innovative fabrication methods. Next, we will summarize recent attempts to modify electrodes and membranes in MEAs to promote the performance of PEMWE. Subsequently, catalyst development for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in MEA is discussed, highlighting novel HER/OER catalysts and strategies to reduce the content of noble metals. Lastly, conclusion and perspectives are provided to present a blueprint to inspire the future development of PEMWE.

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Section: Other Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief introduction of electrode fabrication for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers

Lin

Seow

2023

J. Phys. Energy

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“…Protons diffuse through the polymeric membrane to the cathode, where the oxidizing agent, oxygen, accepts them and combines with reduced oxide anion and oxidized protons to produce water, the final effluent. The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) backbone-based membranes used in PEMFC systems typically have a limited number of perfluoroether side chains that end in sulfonic acid groups and are thus very acidic by nature. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…number of perfluoroether side chains that end in sulfonic acid groups and are thus very acidic by nature. 5,6 The PEM is the essential part of the fuel cell, allowing passage for proton conduction and blocking the flow of electrons and fuel. 5,6 High methanol crossover and decreased proton conduction ability at high emperature limit the use of Nafion membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 The PEM is the essential part of the fuel cell, allowing passage for proton conduction and blocking the flow of electrons and fuel. 5,6 High methanol crossover and decreased proton conduction ability at high emperature limit the use of Nafion membranes. 3 Therefore, developing a new low-cost polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) with desired characteristics is becoming an imperative goal for the research community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Chitosan and Two-Dimensional MoS₂-Based Proton Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell Application: Advances and Perspectives

et al. 2023

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Chitosan is a naturally occurring polysaccharide with abundant biomass resources that attracts interest due to its unique physicochemical properties. The importance of chitosan has risen recently (a) because it is a renewable and biodegradable material and (b) because it has the ability to form a membrane. Therefore, chitosan is highly preferable for green energy applications. This review describes the most recent advancements in chitosan chemistry, emphasizing elemental modifying reactions like sulfonation, phosphorylation, phthaloylation, and chemical cross-linking. However, the major issues of the chitosan (CS)-based polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) are attaining high proton conductivity, leakage across fuel cells, and durability. To overcome the above-mentioned issues, chitosan and the emerging class of inorganic materials 2-D transition metal dichalcogenides especially MoS 2 can be employed for proton-exchange membrane fuel cell applications. Surface functionalization of MoS 2 can open new pathways for fabricating CS/MoS 2 composite membranes. Current research also focuses on the following issues: (a) strategies for the development of PEM, (b) properties and structures of chitosan for fuel cell applications, and (c) chitosan utilization in different parts of the fuel cell. The present study also discusses progress and particular challenges that chitosan-based proton exchange membranes face. Moreover, strategies to control those issues and future aspects are discussed in detail.

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“…Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have been considered as one of the most promising electricity generation devices as a result of their high efficiency and zero emissions. , However, hydrogen, as the lightest gas, is difficult to be compressed (∼70 MPa) and liquefied (−252.9 °C) . As a result, the handling, storage, and transportation of hydrogen are challenging and costly, which hinders the implementation and commercialization of PEMFCs. − To address this issue, it becomes necessary to explore fuels that are easy to store and transport. Therefore, liquid fuels, including those that are liquid or easy to liquefy at ambient conditions, have received extensive attention from researchers. − In recent years, alcohol-based fuels, such as methanol and ethanol, have been widely used in fuel cells as a result of their ease of storage and transportation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Characteristics of a Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell with an Anion Exchange Membrane

et al. 2022

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In this work, a direct ammonia fuel cell, which consists of an anion exchange membrane and commercially available PtRu/C and Pd/C catalysts at the anode and cathode, respectively, is developed. Experimental results demonstrate that the direct ammonia fuel cell exhibits a peak power density of 20.7 mW cm–2 and an open-circuit voltage of 0.67 V at 95 °C when fed with 3.0 M ammonia and 3.0 M KOH. Besides, the durability test results reveal that the developed direct ammonia fuel cell can maintain stable operation for more than 25 h. In addition, the effects of operating parameters, such as the concentrations of ammonia and KOH, flow rates of anolyte and oxygen, and operating temperatures on the cell performance, are experimentally examined. A higher KOH concentration is observed to increase the cell voltage by enhancing the kinetics of ammonia oxidation, which is facilitated by the higher concentration of OH– in the catalyst layer. However, increasing the KOH concentration leads to higher internal resistance in the cell as a result of the increased viscosity of the anolyte. Besides, the analysis of results suggests that a moderate flow rate of both anolyte and gaseous oxygen can also enhance the cell performance by reducing ammonia crossover and preventing membrane dehydration, respectively. Moreover, increasing the operating temperature of the cell also promotes the kinetics of the electrochemical reactions at the catalyst layers, which is also associated with an enhanced mass transfer within the electrodes. In summary, a direct ammonia fuel cell, using an anion exchange membrane, with relatively high performance has been developed. The study provides insights into the performance-enhancing strategies, via operating conditions, toward the further development of the cell.

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Performance of an ePTFE-Reinforced Membrane Electrode Assembly for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

A brief introduction of electrode fabrication for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers

A brief introduction of electrode fabrication for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers

Review on Chitosan and Two-Dimensional MoS₂-Based Proton Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell Application: Advances and Perspectives

Performance Characteristics of a Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell with an Anion Exchange Membrane

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Performance of an ePTFE-Reinforced Membrane Electrode Assembly for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

A brief introduction of electrode fabrication for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers

A brief introduction of electrode fabrication for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers

Review on Chitosan and Two-Dimensional MoS2-Based Proton Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell Application: Advances and Perspectives

Performance Characteristics of a Direct Ammonia Fuel Cell with an Anion Exchange Membrane

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Product

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Review on Chitosan and Two-Dimensional MoS₂-Based Proton Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell Application: Advances and Perspectives