Performance of Ag–Ag₂S core–shell nanoparticle-based random network reservoir computing device

Abstract

Reservoir computing (RC), a low-power computational framework derived from recurrent neural networks, is suitable for temporal/sequential data processing. Here, we report the development of RC devices utilizing Ag–Ag2S core–shell nanoparticles (NPs), synthesized by a simple wet chemical protocol, as the reservoir layer. We examined the NP-based reservoir layer for the required properties of RC hardware, such as echo state property, and then performed the benchmark tasks. Our study on NP-based reservoirs highlighted the importance of the dynamics between the NPs as indicated by the rich high dimensionality due to the echo state property. These dynamics affected the accuracy (up to 99%) of the target waveforms that were generated with a low number of readout channels. Our study demonstrates the great potential of Ag–Ag2S NPs for the development of next-generation RC hardware.

In-materio computing in random networks of carbon nanotubes complexed with chemically dynamic molecules: a review

“…Although many such hardware NN models [50] have been studied, RC is novel and has only recently attracted significant attention (figure 16(b)) [51][52][53][54] owing to its straightforward framework for processing time-series data. The execution of RC learning for time-series prediction tasks has been applied to atomic switch networks (ASNs) [55][56][57], memristor networks [58], CNT/polymer composites [59,60], NP aggregation [57], polymer network systems [61], [36] with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry.) optoelectronic systems [62,63], soft bodies [64,65], spintronics [4,66], and water-tank systems [67].…”

In-materio reservoir working at low frequencies in a Ag2S-island network

“…[9][10][11] In addition, research into materials-based RC systems is accelerating as a result of the ability of various physical and chemical systems to work as reservoirs, 12 including the use of nanoparticles of Au, [13][14][15][16] SnOx 17,18 and Ag-Ag 2 S (core-shell). 19,20 Nanowires have also been used to form reservoirs, as has been demonstrated by the use of networks of Ag-Ag 2 S nanowires 9,[21][22][23] and moleculeadsorbed carbon nanotubes. [24][25][26] In previous studies, several systems 9,[19][20][21][22][23] have utilized atomic switch technology, which controls the growth and shrinkage of a Ag filament from Ag 2 S. 27 In conventional atomic switch operation, a Ag filament grows in a gap between a Ag 2 S electrode and a counter metal electrode.…”

“…19,20 Nanowires have also been used to form reservoirs, as has been demonstrated by the use of networks of Ag-Ag 2 S nanowires 9,[21][22][23] and moleculeadsorbed carbon nanotubes. [24][25][26] In previous studies, several systems 9,[19][20][21][22][23] have utilized atomic switch technology, which controls the growth and shrinkage of a Ag filament from Ag 2 S. 27 In conventional atomic switch operation, a Ag filament grows in a gap between a Ag 2 S electrode and a counter metal electrode. By using the gap size and the Ag 2 S electrode size as the parameters, operating characteristics such as switching speed, 28 volatile/nonvolatile operation 29 and short-term plasticity/long-term potentiation 30 can be controlled.…”

“…For example, when being used as a single device, small gaps on the order of 1 nm enable faster nonvolatile switching, while large gaps on the order of 100 nm cause slower volatile/nonvolatile selective switching. 31 In previous studies, Ag 2 S-based reservoirs used smaller gaps of molecules surrounding Ag 2 S nano-particles 19,20 or an electrolyte between Ag 2 S nanowires. [21][22][23] The frequency of input signals was on the order of 10 Hz or higher, depending on the gap size and the materials used in a given gap.…”

Investigation of photoelectric behaviors of silver sulfide particles in different surroundings

“…1 Silver sulde has a wide range of potential applications in sensors, nitrogen and antibiotics removal, antibacterial agents, hydrogen production, photocatalysts, solar cells, ber lasers, near-infrared uorescence biological imaging, photonics, random network reservoir computing devices etc. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Apart from the above applications, in recent years, more and more attention has been focused on its potential application in photodetectors due to their near-infrared transparency, low cost, nontoxicity and compatibility with silicon integrated circuits. [18][19][20] Kang et al prepared a photodetector by assembling Ag 2 S nanoparticles on the silicon oxide substrate and covering a layer of graphene on the top of Ag 2 S nanoparticles.…”