Performance of Activated Carbon Supported Cobalt Oxides and Iron Oxide Catalysts in Catalytic Cracking of Waste Cooking Oil

Abstract

This work studied the catalyst activity of activated carbon (AC) supported Co, Fe and Co-Fe oxides in catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil. Reactions were carried out in a fixed bed reactor at 450 °C with WHSV 9 hr–1. Single metal Co/AC and Fe/AC catalysts with different metal loading (2.5–15 wt.%) and bimetal xCo-yFe/AC (x, y = 2.5 to 12.5 wt.%; x + y =15 wt.%) catalysts were investigated. Co/AC and Fe/AC catalysts both contributed to significant liquid yield with high selectivity towards C15 and C17 hydrocarbons. Fe/AC catalysts gave high C5 – C20 hydrocarbon yield whereas Co/AC attained more palmitic (C16) and oleic (C18) acid conversion. Synergistic effect in two metals Co-Fe/AC catalysts had further improved the liquid hydrocarbon yield (up to ~93 %) and fatty acid conversion (up to 94 %). The best catalyst, 10Co-5Fe/AC had been further tested under the effect of reaction temperature, feed flow rate (WHSV) and deactivation for its catalytic performance.

Biofuel production via catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil using sulfonated activated carbon supported La/Ce bimetallic catalysts

“…). These results agreed with those reported earlier [9], the major composition was oleic acid followed by palmitic acid.…”

Selectivity of reaction pathways for green diesel production towards biojet fuel applications

“…140 In a contrast, lower alkane selectivity of 52% was reported on the deoxygenation of palmitic acid over Fe/AC at 450 °C for 30 minutes with hydrocarbon yield of 55%. 141 A slightly higher alkane selectivity of 60.7% was also found in the palmitic acid over Fe 2 O 3 /Al-MCM-41. 142 Despite the excellent alkane selectivity, the employ of Fe catalyst generated lower conversion compared to other catalyst such as nickel.…”

Indigenous Materials as Catalyst Supports for Renewable Diesel Production in Malaysia

“…The synergistic effect between CoO and AC was reported as the reason for the high basicity and acidity profile observed in Co/AC [47]. The high loading of Co (>10 wt%) has resulted in more formation of Co oxides, which subsequently blocked the reactant to access the active site of the catalyst, showing the importance of optimizing the amount of metal impregnated on the support [48]. Although the adaptability of AC as support is excellent with various metals, the selectivity to deoxygenation route rather than other reactions in hydrodeoxygenation varies depending on the type and the concentration of metal synthesized with AC.…”

“…The usage of Co and Fe catalysts with AC as support also showed compatibility in the study of Thangadurai and Tye. High conversion of palmitic (C 16 ) and oleic (C 18 ) acid were obtained using Co/AC while significant hydrocarbon yield of C 5 to C 20 was gained by Fe/AC [48]. Note: Basic and acid strength tests were performed using TPD-CO 2 and TPD-NH 3 , respectively.…”