Performance of a spray system in a full-scale tunnel fire test

Chang, Hue Pei; Ho, San Ping; Chen, Chao-Shi; Chien, Shen‐Wen

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2017.04.022

Cited by 18 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The combustion substance used was heptane 36 . In 2017, Chang et al conducted two full-scale tunnel fire experiments using heptane as fuel 37 . Table 4 shows the simulation setting of this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stack effects in tall building fires: a case study of Taiwan old apartment fire

Huang

Lin

Wang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Tainan, a city that prospered early in Taiwan, has a hot and humid atmosphere. Hence, the grilled doors in numerous old buildings for ventilation and lighting to conserve energy. This study analyzed a fire incident that occurred during the late night of March 17, 2019 in a 38-year-old dwelling, where three residents were severely covered with soot. The site investigation showed that eight staircases lead to the same basement, which apparently created a stack effect and a makeup air phenomenon. Numerical simulations have been performed in this study to reconstruct the fire scene, whose results were consistent with the actual fire scene. In particular, the results showed that some staircases in the fire were blackened by smoke, while others acted as makeup air inlets. The temperature at the households’ doors on all floors of Staircase 2, which was closest to the fire, exceeded 60 °C after four minutes. Furthermore, two immediately feasible improvement strategies according to the control volume theory of fluid mechanics were proposed in this study. Firstly, changing the grilled doors in the basement to a closed flat door style could effectively prevent smoke from flowing up in the staircases. Secondly, residents may consider closing the windows of the stairs at night to improve fire safety. The results showed that the chimney effect can be significantly reduced. These improvements could be a reference for other old dwellings to enhance their fire safety.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stack effects in tall building fires: a case study of Taiwan old apartment fire

Huang

Lin

Wang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Besides the smoke control method by longitudinal ventilation and vertical shaft, 12 the water mist system can provide a significant cooling effect for the tunnel’s extremely high-temperature smoke. In two full-scale tunnel fire tests, Chang et al 13 found the Water Mist System (WMS) caused the tunnel ceiling’s highest temperature to fall from 1022°C to 500°C. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation and a medium-scale tunnel fire experiment were carried out by Blanchard et al 14 The study’s findings demonstrated that the water mist system had a strong heat absorption effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the water spray particle diameter and flow rate on the smoke flow and the back-layering in tunnels with longitudinal ventilation

Gao,

Wang,

Cai

et al. 2023

Indoor and Built Environment

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When there is a fire in a tunnel, the heat released by the combustion is difficult to dissipate and the temperature inside the tunnel would rise rapidly. Longitudinal ventilation (LV) has been commonly adopted as the smoke control strategy in tunnel fires, which is essential to safeguard the tunnel structure and the trapped people. Besides the smoke control method by LV, the water mist system (WMS) can provide a powerful cooling effect for the high-temperature smoke in the tunnel. This article aims to investigate the impact of WMS on the smoke back-layering (BL) length with LV and the mutual effect process between the smoke spread and the WMS. The findings show that the BL length is restricted more effectively by the combined action of water mist and LV. Upon activation of the WMS, the water mist’s effect inhibits the smoke’s ability to spread upstream and causes the smoke layer to settle down, which disturbs the stability of the smoke layer. An unstable layer of smoke is more likely to be blown downstream by longitudinal ventilation. All water mist particle diameters show a significant reduction in smoke back-layering with an increased flow rate. The BL length would gradually reduce as the particle diameter is decreased. The tendency of flow rate and particle diameter on the BL length shows similar effects to the critical velocity ( Vcr). The Vcr is reduced with the rising flow rate and increased with expanding particle diameter.

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