Performance of a planar differential-conductivity sensor for urea

Polysilicon interdigitated electrodes as impedimetric sensors

“…In some applications, the measurement of a physical magnitude such as dielectric constant or conductivity of the media provides direct information of the analyte concentration [5,13]. In other applications, the deposition of a membrane or functional monolayer on top of the electrodes as a recognition element is necessary to obtain sensitivity and selectivity to particular species [1][2][3][4][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Different arrangements of electrodes (i.e.…”

“…Their robust and simple structure, their long term stability and reliability, and easy fabrication have attracted much attention from the sensor research community. Applications that have been proposed for these microelectrodes include measurement of the concentration of calcium [1], potassium [2], p(CO2) [3], pH [4], ethanol/methanol in gasoline [5], heavy metals [6], nitrate [7], urea [8][9], glucose [10], total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) [11], bacteria [12], red blood cells (hematocrit) [13], and detection of specific sequences of DNA [14]. In some applications, the measurement of a physical magnitude such as dielectric constant or conductivity of the media provides direct information of the analyte concentration [5,13].…”

Investigation and Optimization of Conductometric Transducers Based on Planar Technology

“…Для обох груп електродів видно тенденцію зменшення чутли-вості датчиків зі зменшенням розмірів пальців гребінок. Це співпадає з даними, отриманими іншими дослідниками [15,16]. Таким чином можна зробити висновок, що при мініатюри-зації не треба технологічно складного збіль-шення кількості пальців на електроді за раху-нок зменшення їх розмірів, як це вважалось раніше.…”

Biosensor Microsystems

“…Although this measuring principle has been known for a long time, more investigations have to be made in order to understand the transduction principle in more detail for biosensing [38]. One obstacle is the high concentration of the ionic background always present in biological samples [39], and another is associated with electrode fouling.…”