Performance of a PEM water electrolyser using a TaC-supported iridium oxide electrocatalyst

Polonský, Jakub; Mazúr, Petr; Paidar, Martin; Christensen, Erik R.; Bouzek, Karel

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.12.085

Cited by 57 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Ohmic resistance was reduced in the NN‐L as shown in Figure b. The enhanced electric conductivity of the NN‐L improved the PEM water electrolyzer performance . The durability of the single cell was tested at a high current density of 2 A cm −2 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrathin IrO₂ Nanoneedles for Electrochemical Water Oxidation

Lim

Park

Jeon

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

255

126

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Electrochemical water splitting is promising for utilizing intermittent renewable energy. The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), however, is a bottleneck in obtaining high efficiency. Only a few OER electrocatalysts have been developed for the use in acidic media despite the importance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer. IrO 2 is the only material that is both active and stable for the OER in highly corrosive acidic conditions. Herein, a facile and scalable synthesis of ultrathin IrO 2 nanoneedles is reported with a diameter of 2 nm using a modified molten salt method. The activity and durability for the OER are significantly enhanced on the ultrathin IrO 2 nanoneedles, compared to conventional nanoparticles. The ultrathin nanoneedles are successfully introduced to a PEM electrolyzer single cell with the enhanced cell performance.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrathin IrO₂ Nanoneedles for Electrochemical Water Oxidation

Lim

Park

Jeon

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

255

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The capillary pressure can be estimated by: [16] with the surface tension of water γ H 2 O , the capillary radius r cap , and the water contact angle in the electrode θ. The surface tension of water, γ H 2 O , at 80…”

Section: Journal Of the Electrochemical Society 163 (11) F3179-f3189mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 One strategy to improve their mass specific activity (i.e., the activity normalized by the mass of noble metal), is to maximize the noble metal dispersion by supporting thin films or nanoparticles of iridium (oxide) on high surface area support materials like TiC, 15 TaC, 16 TiO 2 17 or Ti. 18 Another approach is to increase the intrinsic activity of the OER catalyst, and several modifications were examined like fluorine doped iridium oxide, 19 Ir x Ru y O 2 20 and Ir x Ru y Ta z O 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Ionomer Content in IrO₂/TiO₂Electrodes on PEM Water Electrolyzer Performance

Bernt

Gasteiger

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

278

267

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In this study, the influence of ionomer content in IrO 2 /TiO 2 anode electrodes for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer is investigated (Nafion 212 membrane; 2.0 mg Ir cm −2 / 0.35 mg Pt cm −2 (anode/cathode)) and the contributions of ohmic losses, kinetic losses, proton transport losses in the electrodes, and mass transport losses to the overall cell voltage are analyzed. Electrolysis tests are performed with an in-house designed high pressure electrolyzer cell at differential pressure up to 30 bar. The best performance is obtained for an ionomer content of 11.6 wt% and a cell voltage of 1.57 V at 1 A cm −2 and less than 2 V at 6 A cm −2 (ambient pressure, 80 • C). Performance losses at lower ionomer contents are the result of a higher proton conduction resistance. For higher ionomer contents, on the other hand, performance losses can be related to a filling of the electrode void volume by ionomer, leading to a higher O 2 mass transport resistance, an increased electronic contact resistance, and the electronic insulation of parts of the catalyst by ionomer. At high pressure operation, the performance corrected by the shift of the Nernst voltage increases with H 2 pressure and we propose a new explanation for this effect. In the course of the transition from fossil-based to renewable energy sources, hydrogen technology has gained considerable attention during the past decades. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers are well suited to be coupled with intermittent energy sources such as wind and solar and could provide electrolytic hydrogen for long-term energy storage or fuel cell mobility. At the moment, the large-scale application of PEM electrolyzers is still hindered by their high capital costs.1,2 One attempt to overcome this challenge is to increase the H 2 output by operating an electrolyzer at current densities much higher than the values typically reported in the literature (1-2 A cm −2 ). 2 Recent publications have shown that current densities of 5 A cm −2 and higher are possible. 3,4 Another factor that can be economically beneficial is the operation at high pressure because it allows direct storage of H 2 without subsequent mechanical compression. However, high-pressure operation leads to more demanding materials requirements, imposes additional safety precautions, and reduces the faradaic efficiency due to a higher gas permeation through the membrane. 5,6 It was reported that an operating pressure of 30-45 bar could be a good compromise, 7 with differential pressure operation ( p O 2 ≈ ambient pressure) being more efficient than balanced pressure operation ( p O 2 ≈ p H 2 ).8 However, increasing the current density and the operating pressure of an electrolyzer will increase the cell voltage, leading to a lower overall voltage efficiency and thus higher operating costs. Since the latter are, along with the capital costs, one of the main cost drivers for large-scale applications, 9 minimizing cell voltage at high current densities and pressures is essential for economic competitiveness...

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“…Recently, more research is being conducted to find a suitable support material for the OER catalyst that does not form a mixed oxide. Some examples include TaC, antimony‐doped tin oxide , and TiC . Besides offering a large surface area for good dispersion of active component the support has to be stable at the employed conditions and have a good electronic conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supported Ir_xRu_1–xO₂ Anode Catalysts for PEM‐Water Electrolysis

et al. 2016

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Since PEM‐water electrolysis (PEMWE) produces very pure H2, reacts fast and well to dynamic load conditions and is technologically simple, it could play a large role in a future hydrogen economy. One way to alleviate the drawback of expensive noble metal catalysts is to disperse the active component on a support. Tungsten oxide and tungsten carbide were investigated here comparing different synthesis routes. Adam's fusion and hydrolysis route with the addition of support during different stages of the synthesis and mechanical mixing of catalyst and support were investigated and compared. Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) measurements show high currents for mechanically mixed samples and samples obtained via hydrolysis with a WO3 precursor. Single cell tests confirm catalyst activity and stability. Further studies are needed to completely understand catalyst behavior, especially fast activity loss during RDE.

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Performance of a PEM water electrolyser using a TaC-supported iridium oxide electrocatalyst

Cited by 57 publications

References 25 publications

Ultrathin IrO₂ Nanoneedles for Electrochemical Water Oxidation

Ultrathin IrO₂ Nanoneedles for Electrochemical Water Oxidation

Influence of Ionomer Content in IrO₂/TiO₂Electrodes on PEM Water Electrolyzer Performance

Supported Ir_xRu_1–xO₂ Anode Catalysts for PEM‐Water Electrolysis

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Performance of a PEM water electrolyser using a TaC-supported iridium oxide electrocatalyst

Cited by 57 publications

References 25 publications

Ultrathin IrO2 Nanoneedles for Electrochemical Water Oxidation

Ultrathin IrO2 Nanoneedles for Electrochemical Water Oxidation

Influence of Ionomer Content in IrO2/TiO2Electrodes on PEM Water Electrolyzer Performance

Supported IrxRu1–xO2 Anode Catalysts for PEM‐Water Electrolysis

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Product

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Ultrathin IrO₂ Nanoneedles for Electrochemical Water Oxidation

Ultrathin IrO₂ Nanoneedles for Electrochemical Water Oxidation

Influence of Ionomer Content in IrO₂/TiO₂Electrodes on PEM Water Electrolyzer Performance

Supported Ir_xRu_1–xO₂ Anode Catalysts for PEM‐Water Electrolysis