Performance of a human inhalation challenge exposure system. I. Gases

Hammad, Yehia Y.; Pieretti, Luis F

doi:10.3109/08958378.2011.572097

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The direct reading instrument measuring particle concentration (TEOM) displays a moving average that is determined over a period of 10 min. In a previous report [ 21 ] about the performance of the system with gases and vapors, direct reading instruments showed excellent agreement with the estimated values of the model.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

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Performance of a whole-body human dust inhalation challenge exposure chamber

Pieretti

Hammad

2018

Toxicology Reports

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BackgroundEvaluation of the performance of a whole-body human dust exposure chamber is presented in this report.MethodsThe volume of the chamber is 2.13 m3 and it is operated at a flow rate of 1.0 m3/min. Makeup and exhaust air were filtered. A Wright Dust Feeder was used to generate fly ash, the testing agent. An elutriator was used to maintain particles in the respirable range. A Rupprecht and Patashnick PM-10 TEOM, a direct reading instrument, was used to monitor particle concentration. Particle size distributions were determined by a QCM cascade impactor. The evenness of dust concentrations in the chamber was determined gravimetrically.ResultsDust concentrations measured at different points within the chamber were associated with variability less than 10%. Dust concentrations measured by the TEOM, in μg/m3, at 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 RPMs of the Wright Dust Feeder, were 110 ± 2.8, 173 ± 8.5, 398 ± 20 and 550 ± 17, respectively. Particle size distributions (MMD and GSD) were 1.27 μm and 2.35, 1.39 and 2.22, 1.46 and 2.08, 1.15 and 2.2, respectively. Total dust concentrations measured gravimetrically in μg/m3, were 135 ± 21, 200 ± 35, 333 ± 18 and 891 ± 27, respectively.ConclusionThe whole-body human exposure chamber offers several advantages and has better performance than most of the inhalation challenge systems previously described.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…This report is focused on the generation of particulates. Performance with gases has been reported previously [ 21 ]. The Plexiglas chamber has a volume of 2.13 cubic meter (m 3 ) (1.25 m × 0.8 m × 2.0 m) and it is operated at negative pressure of 10 cm of water (0.98 kPa) to avoid any leakages of the test agent into the laboratory.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Performance of a whole-body human dust inhalation challenge exposure chamber

Pieretti

Hammad

2018

Toxicology Reports

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“…The purpose of that study was to characterize and evaluate the performance of the chamber for controlled test atmospheres of gases and particulates. Testing the unit with carbon dioxide measurements produced first results (Hammad et al, 2011). Another example of a human exposure chamber shows exposures that mimic the production and photochemical oxidation of atmospheric pollutants resulting from the combustion of coal or wood from a stove (Kuprov et al, 2011).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for the design and technical setup of a human whole-body exposure chamber

Monsé

Sucker

Thriel

et al. 2012

Inhalation Toxicology

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Exposures to air contaminants, such as chemical vapors and particulate matter, pose important health hazards at workplaces. Short-term experimental exposures to chemical vapors and particles in humans are a promising attempt to investigate acute effects of such hazards. However, a significant challenge in this field is the determination of effects of co-exposures to more than one chemical or mixtures of chemical vapors and/or particles. To overcome such a challenge, studies have to be conducted under standardized exposure characterization and real time measurements, if possible. A new exposure laboratory (ExpoLab) was installed at IPA, combining sophisticated engineering designs with new analytical techniques, to fulfill these requirements. Low-dose as well as high-dose exposure scenarios are achieved by means of a calibration-gas-generator. Exposure monitoring can be carried out with a high performance real time mass spectrometer and other suitable analyzers (e.g. gas chromatograph). Numerous automated security facilities guarantee the physical integrity of the volunteers, and the waste atmosphere is removed using either charcoal filtration or catalytic post-combustion. Measurements of sulfur hexafluoride, carbon dioxide, aniline and carbon black are presented to demonstrate the performance of the exposure unit with respect to the temporal and spatial stability of generated atmospheres. The variations of generated contents in the atmospheres at steady state are slightly higher than the measurement precision of the analyzers (the typical standard deviation of generated atmospheres is < 2%). The technical components of ExpoLab and its monitoring systems ensure high quality standards in validity and reliability of generating and measuring exposure atmospheres.

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Performance of a human inhalation challenge exposure system. I. Gases

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Performance of a whole-body human dust inhalation challenge exposure chamber

Performance of a whole-body human dust inhalation challenge exposure chamber

Considerations for the design and technical setup of a human whole-body exposure chamber

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