Performance of a controlled-ventilation open-top chamber for climate change research

Norris, T.; Wilkinson, Diana; Lockwood, Alex; Belay, Abrham; Colls, J. J.; Bailey, B.J.

doi:10.1016/0168-1923(95)02237-6

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The mean deviations between air temperature in the chambers and in the free air plot were 1.5 to 1.9mC depending upon the chamber. These deviations were similar to those reported by others (Jetten, 1992 ;Murray et al, 1994 ;Daudet & Claustres, 1995 ;Norris et al, 1996). Mean temperatures of the two high ozone chambers (NF50) and the two ambient ozone chambers (NF) were not significantly different.…”

Section: Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 90%

Response to three seasons of elevated ozone in the progeny of healthy and unhealthy Norway spruce trees from a plantation with the ‘top dying’ syndrome

1999

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We tested a hypothesis that elevated ozone was an eliciting or contributing factor in outbreaks of the ' top dying ' (or ' subtop dying ') syndrome in Norway spruce (Picea abies). Progeny were used from open-pollinated trees within a stand with the ' top dying ' syndrome. The mother trees were classified in relation to the expression of the ' top dying ' syndrome, and progeny from the healthiest and least healthy thirds of the population were exposed to high and low concentrations of ozone for three seasons. Elevated ozone did not affect height growth of the trees. It did not measurably affect net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance or instantaneous water use efficiency. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were also not significantly affected by ozone concentration. In the first year, instantaneous water use efficiency was lower in the progeny of the unhealthy mother trees than in the healthy mother trees. Furthermore, the unhealthy mother trees tended to produce longer annual shoots and showed more winter damage at the end of the experiment. None of these parameters were related to ozone concentration in the atmosphere. These results do not support a hypothesis that elevated ozone is a significant contributory factor or an eliciting factor in the development of the syndrome.

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Section: Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 90%

Response to three seasons of elevated ozone in the progeny of healthy and unhealthy Norway spruce trees from a plantation with the ‘top dying’ syndrome

1999

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“…Global warming was also recorded in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Negev Desert (Alpert et al, ; Kafle & Bruins, ). By far, most of this research attempts to evaluate the possible effect of global warming via direct soil warming, either indirectly by using open top chambers, OTC (Drake et al, ; Norris et al, ; Hollister & Webber, ), or directly by heating the soil, usually with infrared lamps (Nijs et al, ; Kimball, ; Aronson & McNulty, ). However, both approaches have severe limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive research has been carried out aiming to detect the possible effects of global warming. Global warming was also recorded in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Negev (Drake et al, 1989;Norris et al, 1996;Hollister & Webber, 2000), or directly by heating the soil, usually with infrared lamps (Nijs et al, 1996;Kimball, 2005;Aronson & McNulty, 2009). However, both approaches have severe limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature rise severely affects pan and soil evaporation in the Negev Desert

Kidron

Kronenfeld

2015

Ecohydrology

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Global warming may affect the moisture content of soil, subsequently affecting plant productivity. This is all the more so in deserts where water is the major limiting factor. In an attempt to evaluate the possible effect of temperature rise on pan and soil evaporation, the evaporation rates of water from variable‐size pans and of plots of variable degree of shading (all with different water/soil temperatures) were compared. A close link between the water temperature of the pan (resulting from the different diameter‐size pans) and class A pan evaporation was found. The data showed that an increase of 1 °C in the maximum temperatures implied an increase of 0.08 mm/day, i.e. ~8.3% in the evaporation rate of the pan. Similarly, an increase in the subsurface temperatures (at 5 cm depth) substantially decreased the available water content at the 0‐ to 10‐cm soil, with the evaporation rate increasing by 0.07 mm/day (~6.6%) for each 1 °C increase in soil temperature. The findings suggest an increase of ~10% in the evaporation rate of the soil surface for each 1 °C increase in soil temperature. The advantage in estimating the possible effect of temperature rise upon soil evaporation via shaded plots in comparison with the classical approach of soil heating is discussed, as well as the possible effect of temperature rise on biocrusts, seedling germination and plant productivity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Clearly, with increasing averaging times the [CO 2 ] distribution data converge more closely on the mean ( Fig. 7), and the FACE [CO 2 ] distribution data are similar to those shown for open‐top chambers ( Lee & Barton 1993; Norris et al . 1996 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1995 ). In contrast, open‐top chamber and screen‐aided CO 2 enrichment experiments employing some kind of feedback algorithm exhibit much better [CO 2 ] control ( Norris et al . 1996 ; Leadley et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A free‐air enrichment system for exposing tall forest vegetation to elevated atmospheric CO₂

Hendrey

Ellsworth

Lewin

et al. 1999

Global Change Biology

378

306

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A free‐air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system was designed to permit the experimental exposure of tall vegetation such as stands of forest trees to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]a) without enclosures that alter tree microenvironment. We describe a prototype FACE system currently in operation in forest plots in a maturing loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand in North Carolina, USA. The system uses feedback control technology to control [CO2] in a 26 m diameter forest plot that is over 10 m tall, while monitoring the 3D plot volume to characterize the whole‐stand CO2 regime achieved during enrichment. In the second summer season of operation of the FACE system, atmospheric CO2 enrichment was conducted in the forest during all daylight hours for 96.7% of the scheduled running time from 23 May to 14 October with a preset target [CO2] of 550 μmol mol–1, ≈ 200 μmol mol–1 above ambient [CO2]. The system provided spatial and temporal control of [CO2] similar to that reported for open‐top chambers over trees, but without enclosing the vegetation. The daily average daytime [CO2] within the upper forest canopy at the centre of the FACE plot was 552 ± 9 μmol mol–1 (mean ± SD). The FACE system maintained 1‐minute average [CO2] to within ± 110 μmol mol–1 of the target [CO2] for 92% of the operating time. Deviations of [CO2] outside of this range were short‐lived (most lasting < 60 s) and rare, with fewer than 4 excursion events of a minute or longer per day. Acceptable spatial control of [CO2] by the system was achieved, with over 90% of the entire canopy volume within ± 10% of the target [CO2] over the exposure season. CO2 consumption by the FACE system was much higher than for open‐top chambers on an absolute basis, but similar to that of open‐top chambers and branch bag chambers on a per unit volume basis. CO2 consumption by the FACE system was strongly related to windspeed, averaging 50 g CO2 m–3 h–1 for the stand for an average windspeed of 1.5 m s–1 during summer. The [CO2] control results show that the free‐air approach is a tractable way to study long‐term and short‐term alterations in trace gases, even within entire tall forest ecosystems. The FACE approach permits the study of a wide range of forest stand and ecosystem processes under manipulated [CO2]a that were previously impossible or intractable to study in true forest ecosystems.

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Performance of a controlled-ventilation open-top chamber for climate change research

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Response to three seasons of elevated ozone in the progeny of healthy and unhealthy Norway spruce trees from a plantation with the ‘top dying’ syndrome

Response to three seasons of elevated ozone in the progeny of healthy and unhealthy Norway spruce trees from a plantation with the ‘top dying’ syndrome

Temperature rise severely affects pan and soil evaporation in the Negev Desert

A free‐air enrichment system for exposing tall forest vegetation to elevated atmospheric CO₂

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Performance of a controlled-ventilation open-top chamber for climate change research

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Response to three seasons of elevated ozone in the progeny of healthy and unhealthy Norway spruce trees from a plantation with the ‘top dying’ syndrome

Response to three seasons of elevated ozone in the progeny of healthy and unhealthy Norway spruce trees from a plantation with the ‘top dying’ syndrome

Temperature rise severely affects pan and soil evaporation in the Negev Desert

A free‐air enrichment system for exposing tall forest vegetation to elevated atmospheric CO2

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Product

Resources

About

A free‐air enrichment system for exposing tall forest vegetation to elevated atmospheric CO₂