Performance of 4 white clover populations in monoculture and with ryegrass under grazing

Widdup, K.H.; Turner, J.D.

doi:10.1080/03015521.1983.10427722

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Thetotal annual pasture production wassimilar for all clover-grass swards as found in other studies (Widdup & Turner 1983;van den Bosch et aI. 1986).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Effect of clover cultivar on production and nitrogen fixation in clover-ryegrass swards under dairy cow grazing

Ledgard

Brier

Upsdel

1990

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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'Grasslands Huia', 'GrasslandsPitau', 'GrasslandsKopu', Aranandresidentwhiteclovers and 'GmsslandsPawem' red cloverweresownwith perennial ryegrass and examined for production (over 3 years) and nitrogen (N) fixation (over 2 years) under dairy cow grazing. Total sward production was similarfor all treatments, although grass-only plotswere 11and20%loweryieldingin Years 1 and 2 respectively. Pawem produced the mostcloverin Year I, but the leastin Years2 and3. In Years 1 and 2, the best-producing white clover cultivars wereAran,Kopu,andPitau,butby Year3, Aranwas20%higheryielding than all othercultivars. Inallyears, Kopushowedsuperior winterproduction, whereasAran washighest-producing during autumn. The resident clover was slow establishing from buried seed but by 6 months its production was similar to that for Huia. Measurements of plant composition showedthattherewasanincreaseinthe numberofresidentcloverplantsfromburiedseedin all plotsover time.N fixation by Aran,Kopu,Pitau, and residentcloversaveraged108and 280 kg N/ha per yearin Years 1and 2 respectively. Corresponding valuesforHuiawere82and 224kgN/haper year respectively. In Year 2, Aran produced 15% more dry matter(OM) thantheresidentcloverwhichwas offset by a lower total N concentration (by 14%) resulting in similaramounts offixedatmospheric N. The proportion of cloverN fixed (estimated by lSN isotopedilution) wassimilarforall cultivars,except in summer and autumn whenit tendedto behighest A89088

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“…Thetotal annual pasture production wassimilar for all clover-grass swards as found in other studies (Widdup & Turner 1983;van den Bosch et aI. 1986).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Effect of clover cultivar on production and nitrogen fixation in clover-ryegrass swards under dairy cow grazing

Ledgard

Brier

Upsdel

1990

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…A similar effect was measured in a mowing experiment in the United Kingdom (Camlin 1981) and in a grazing experiment in Southland (Widdup & Turner 1983). This effect reflects differences in competitiveness between white clover and the associated ryegrass, and is probably due mainly to the greater light interception ability of the erect-growing largeleaved cultivars (Aran and Kopu) in competition with ryegrass (Harris 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Several New Zealand studies have shown greater production by large-leaved cultivars of white clover grown in mixed swards with no N fertiliser application (Widdup & Turner 1983;van den Bosch et al 1986;Ledgard et al 1990). Only one recent experiment in New Zealand has compared cultivars under different N regimes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity of white clover cultivars under intensive grazing, as affected by high nitrogen fertiliser application

Ledgard

Sprosen

Steele³

et al. 1995

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Nine cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were grown with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and their productivity was determined over 3 years under nitrogen (N) fertiliser regimes of 0 or 390 kg N/ha per year. The site was grazed by sheep at 3-or 6-week intervals and after each grazing N fertiliser was applied at 0 or 30 kg N/ha. Fertiliser N application increased total annual pasture production by 25-31%, with the largest proportional responses occurring in autumn and winter. White clover production decreased as a result of N application by 8, 17, and 30% in Years 1, 2, and 3 respectively. During the first 2 years this reduction in clover growth occurred only in spring, and in Year 3 it was also most marked in spring. There was no significant cultivar × N interaction for clover or total pasture production on an annual or seasonal basis. Thus, differences A95023 Received 7 April 1995; accepted 25 October 1995between cultivars in relative clover production were similar in the absence or presence of N fertiliser application. Clover cultivars varied greatly in productivity, and in the nil N treatment there was a positive correlation between clover production and total pasture production in Years 1 and 2, when clover content of pastures averaged 45 and 28% respectively. In all years, Aran and Kopu were higher yielding than all other cultivars. During winter, Kopu was 2-5 fold more productive than other cultivars. In all other seasons, Aran and Kopu were the most productive. There was a highly significant negative correlation between clover production and grass production in both N treatments and in all years. Thus, the more competitive erect-growing, large-leaved cultivars of Aran and Kopu maintained a lower associated grass component in their swards.

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“…These include: a shortage of soil N ); association with a grass (Widdup & Turner 1983); a high rate of seeding of an associated grass (McDonald & Cullen 1973); a very hard grazing (Weeda et al 1969;During & Weeda 1974); too short an interval between grazings ; and both set stocking and rotational grazing with sheep (Williams et al 1982). In the latter experiment, Pitau was only superior to Huia when grazed rotationally by cattle.…”

Section: Leaf Size and Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of herbage yield of European and Mediterranean ecotypes of white clover

Smetham

1986

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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A medium-leaved certified white clover (Tr(fo/ium repens L. 'Grasslands Huia'), a largeleaved white clover ecotype from Spain, and a hybrid of these ('Grasslands Pitau'), were grown as spaced plants in the field in the South Island, New Zealand. A comparison of the components of herbage yield obtained from measurements of growth on a marked stolon showed that during winter, late winter, and spring, the leaf dry matter (OM) yield of the Spanish ecotype exceeded that of Huia by up to 70%. There was little difference in the total number of leaves formed per stolon, the number of leaves grown per unit stolon length, or specific leaf weight. and hence OM yield differences resulted from the considerably larger area per leaf developed by 'Spanish', which was between 70% and 100% larger than that of Huia. Pitau was mostly intermediate in leaf character, sometimes aligning with Spanish and sometimes with Huia. The superior leaf growth of the larger leaved white clovers during all three observation periods agrees with other observations on the temperature responses of these cultivars, i.e., superiority at either 'Iow' or 'high' temperature -in this instance, monthly mean temperatures were all 'Iow'. Although the periods of observation were relatively short, some results su'ggest that leaf longevity may be greater for largeleaved ecotypes. Stolons grown by the ecotype from Spain were almost twice as heavy as those from Huia on a weight per unit length basis. Pi tau was intermediate. Otherwise, stolon growth was little different between cultivars for length and number. Other reports on the performance of white clovers, together with the results obtained in this investigation, lead to the conclusion that any condition which impairs the expression of potentially larger leaf size will reduce or eliminate the herbage production superiority of the larger leaved white clovers.

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Performance of 4 white clover populations in monoculture and with ryegrass under grazing

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Effect of clover cultivar on production and nitrogen fixation in clover-ryegrass swards under dairy cow grazing

Effect of clover cultivar on production and nitrogen fixation in clover-ryegrass swards under dairy cow grazing

Productivity of white clover cultivars under intensive grazing, as affected by high nitrogen fertiliser application

Comparison of herbage yield of European and Mediterranean ecotypes of white clover

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