Performance measures and input uncertainty for pedestrian crossing exposure estimates

Milligan, Craig; Poapst, Rob; Montufar, Jeannette

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2012.05.024

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, the role of the other two components (i.e., exposure and risk of crash) remains uncertain, partially because it is difficult to determine the amount of exposure in pedestrians accurately (Clifton and Livi 2005 ; Keall 1995 ). Unlike previous studies (Keall 1995 ; Milligan et al 2013 ; Mindell et al 2012 ; Zhu et al 2013 ), we used a quasi-induced exposure method based on comparisons of the age and gender distribution of “innocent” pedestrians involved in clean collisions with age and gender in the whole population. In doing so, we took into consideration only the exposure windows in which pedestrians can be considered at fault or not at fault for a collision (i.e., while they are crossing or walking along a roadway), and therefore at risk of being struck by a vehicle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and age differences in components of traffic-related pedestrian death rates: exposure, risk of crash and fatality rate

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThis ecological study aimed i) to quantify the association of age and gender with the three components of pedestrians’ death rates after a pedestrian-vehicle crash: exposure, risk of crash and fatality, and ii) to determine the contribution of each component to differences in death rates according to age and gender in Spain.MethodsWe analyzed data for 220 665 pedestrians involved in road crashes recorded in the Spanish registry of road crashes with victims from 1993 to 2011, and a subset of 39 743 pedestrians involved in clean collisions (in which the pedestrian did not commit an infraction). Using decomposition and quasi-induced exposure methods, we obtained the proportion of increase in death rates for each age and gender group associated with exposure, risk of collision and fatality.ResultsDeath rates increased with age. The main contributor to this increase was fatality, although exposure also increased with age. In contrast, the risk of collision decreased with age. Males had higher death rates than females, especially in the 24–54 year old group. Higher fatality rates in males were the main determinant of this difference, which was also related with a higher risk of collision in males. However, exposure rates were higher in females.ConclusionsThe magnitude and direction of the associations between age and gender and each of the three components of pedestrians’ death rates differed depending on the specific component explored. These differences need to be taken into account in order to prioritize preventive strategies intended to decrease mortality among pedestrians.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40621-016-0079-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and age differences in components of traffic-related pedestrian death rates: exposure, risk of crash and fatality rate

et al. 2016

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“…However, as the short-term count durations are increased, 90th percentile estimates reduce dramatically across all clustering approaches. Several other studies have also found greater accuracy from longer-duration counts (4,6,16). The relatively better performance of the EC approach may also be a case of overfitting, considering that these are in-sample tests.…”

Section: Short-term Period Expansion Accuracymentioning

confidence: 86%

Comparison of Pedestrian Count Expansion Methods: Land Use Groups versus Empirical Clusters

Griswold

Medury

Schneider

et al. 2018

Transportation Research Record

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Expansion factors based on the trends in long-term count data are useful tools for estimating daily, weekly, or annual volumes from short-term counts, but it is unclear how to differentiate locations by activity pattern. This paper compares two approaches to developing factor groups for hour-to-week pedestrian count expansion factors. The land use (LU) classification approach assumes that surrounding LUs affect the pedestrian activity at a location, and it is easy to apply to short-term count locations based on identifiable attributes of the site. The empirical clustering (EC) approach uses statistical methods to match locations based on the actual counts, which may produce more accurate volume estimates, but presents a challenge for determining which factor group to apply to a location. We found that both the LU and EC approaches provided better weekly pedestrian volume estimates than the single factor approach of taking the average of all locations. Further, the differences between LU and EC estimation errors were modest, so it may be beneficial to use the intuitive and practical LU approach. LU groupings can also be modified with insights from the EC results, thus improving estimates while maintaining the ease of application. Ideal times for short-term counts are during peak activity periods, as they generally produce estimates with fewer errors than off-peak periods. Weekly volume estimated from longer-duration counts (e.g., 12 h) is generally more accurate than estimates from shorter-duration counts (e.g., 2 h). Practitioners can follow this guidance to improve the quality of weekly pedestrian volume estimates.

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“…Efforts that have used qualitative methods are beginning to yield comprehensive information in regards to how pedestrians navigate pedestrian systems. Among the most successful strategies are surveys, such as the one in [13], field studies, such as the one in [14], [15], [16], and [17]. In addition, some of these efforts have given us methodologies to develop surveys and field studies protocols, such as [18] and [19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian Systems Modelling: Opportunities and Challenges

Centeno¹,

Pomar²,

Giraldo³

2016

Proceedings of the 14th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: “Engineering Innovati

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Abstract-Designing pedestrian systems have been a challenge due to the lack of effective tools and methods to model the autonomous behavior of pedestrians. Pedestrians are one of the main players in traffic systems, and they also are their most common victims. The high incident of pedestrians' accidents has led the World Health Organization (WHO) to set the reduction of traffic accidents as a priority for developing countries.

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Performance measures and input uncertainty for pedestrian crossing exposure estimates

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Gender and age differences in components of traffic-related pedestrian death rates: exposure, risk of crash and fatality rate

Gender and age differences in components of traffic-related pedestrian death rates: exposure, risk of crash and fatality rate

Comparison of Pedestrian Count Expansion Methods: Land Use Groups versus Empirical Clusters

Pedestrian Systems Modelling: Opportunities and Challenges

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