The paper considers whether and how Estonian companies use and analyze the profitability measures. On the one hand, profitability measures should be a central component of the management control systems, but on the other hand, they should be linked to the wealth measurement objective. In this context, the importance of a quality analysis in companies cannot be overestimated. The activities of Estonian companies and their attitudes to profitability analysis have been considered by using the results of a survey carried out in companies. The survey aims to draw attention to areas, which need improvement. It has been shown how the companies make use of the traditional income statement in the analysis process and whether any adjustment is needed; whether profits as a manifestation of the value of a company merit attention; whether attention is accorded to the capital maintenance problem and the price of capitalhence the real growth of the wealth; whether the cash-based profit or contribution margin, for example, are analyzed. An accountant's role in the analysis process is also under consideration.