Performance IQ in children is associated with blood cadmium concentration in early pregnancy

Jeong, Kyoung Sook; Park, Hyewon; Ha, Eun–Hee; Hong, Yun Chul; Ha, Mina; Park, Hyesook; Kim, Bung Nyun; Lee, Bo Eun; Lee, Soo Jeong; Lee, Kyung Yeon; Kim, Ja Hyeong; Kim, Yangho

doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.11.007

Cited by 52 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…To our knowledge, only three previous studies have observed an association between women’s cadmium exposure during pregnancy and cognitive function of their children [4, 5, 7]. A small study including 4.5 year-old children (n = 106) residing close to a metal smelter in central China [4] suggested that children with cord blood cadmium concentrations above the median of 0.60 µg/L had significantly lower full scale and performance IQ, but not verbal IQ, compared to those with cadmium concentrations below the median.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thereafter, a study of 1305 Bangladeshi mother–child pairs found that maternal urinary cadmium concentrations during pregnancy were inversely associated with their children’s full scale, performance, and verbal IQ at 5 years of age [5]. In a South Korean mother–child cohort, maternal blood cadmium concentrations during pregnancy were not inversely associated with neurodevelopment at 6 months (n = 884) [6], but at a follow-up at 5 years of age (n = 119), maternal blood concentrations were inversely associated the children’s performance IQ [7]. In a Spanish study (n = 485), no association was observed between prenatal cadmium exposure and neurodevelopment at 4 years of age [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of prenatal exposure to cadmium on cognitive development at preschool age and the importance of selenium and iodine

et al. 2016

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The evidence regarding a potential link of low-to-moderate iodine deficiency, selenium status, and cadmium exposure during pregnancy with neurodevelopment is either contradicting or limited. We aimed to assess the prenatal impact of cadmium, selenium, and iodine on children’s neurodevelopment at 4 years of age. The study included 575 mother–child pairs from the prospective “Rhea” cohort on Crete, Greece. Exposure to cadmium, selenium and iodine was assessed by concentrations in the mother’s urine during pregnancy (median 13 weeks), measured by ICPMS. The McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities was used to assess children’s general cognitive score and seven different sub-scales. In multivariable-adjusted regression analysis, elevated urinary cadmium concentrations (≥0.8 µg/L) were inversely associated with children’s general cognitive score [mean change: −6.1 points (95 % CI −12; −0.33) per doubling of urinary cadmium; corresponding to ~0.4 SD]. Stratifying by smoking status (p for interaction 0.014), the association was restricted to smokers. Urinary selenium was positively associated with children’s general cognitive score [mean change: 2.2 points (95 % CI −0.38; 4.8) per doubling of urinary selenium; ~0.1 SD], although the association was not statistically significant. Urinary iodine (median 172 µg/L) was not associated with children’s general cognitive score. In conclusion, elevated cadmium exposure in pregnancy of smoking women was inversely associated with the children’s cognitive function at pre-school age. The results indicate that cadmium may adversely affect neurodevelopment at doses commonly found in smokers, or that there is an interaction with other toxicants in tobacco smoke. Additionally, possible residual confounding cannot be ruled out.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10654-016-0151-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of prenatal exposure to cadmium on cognitive development at preschool age and the importance of selenium and iodine

et al. 2016

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“…Another study measured prenatal Cd in three matrices – maternal blood at delivery, placenta, and cord blood – and reported significant associations only with cord blood levels [40]. Five studies examined the relationship between Cd biomarkers and IQ [41, 45, 47–49], and five studies examined other neurodevelopmental outcome measures.…”

Section: Epidemiologic Evidence For Neurotoxic Effects Of Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four of five studies identified a significant inverse relationship between prenatal/childhood Cd and IQ [45, 47–49]. A prospective study of 1,305 mother-child pairs identified significant inverse associations between maternal 1 st trimester urine Cd and child full scale, verbal, and performance IQ at five years; associations with concurrent child urine Cd were weaker but still significant [47].…”

Section: Epidemiologic Evidence For Neurotoxic Effects Of Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a prospective cohort of 106 children, a significant inverse association with performance and full scale IQ at 4.5 years was observed among children with high (>median) cord blood Cd [49]. A prospective cohort of 119 mother-child pairs found a significant inverse association between maternal blood Cd measured in early pregnancy and performance IQ at 5 years [45]. In a cross-sectional study of 261 6- to 9-year olds, urine Cd but not hair Cd was inversely associated with verbal comprehension on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)-IV (boys and girls), and with full scale IQ in boys only [48].…”

Section: Epidemiologic Evidence For Neurotoxic Effects Of Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perinatal and Childhood Exposure to Cadmium, Manganese, and Metal Mixtures and Effects on Cognition and Behavior: A Review of Recent Literature

Sanders

Henn

Wright

2015

Curr Envir Health Rpt

249

134

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Lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) neurotoxicity is well established. In recent years, a growing body of evidence suggests that environmental exposure to other metals including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), and their mixtures also pose public health threats. In this paper we summarize the recent literature examining the relationship of prenatal and childhood environmental metal exposures with cognitive and behavioral outcomes in children. We conducted a literature search to identify epidemiologic studies that examined the relationship of Cd, Mn, and metal mixtures with children’s neurodevelopmental/cognitive and behavioral outcomes. We restricted the search to peer-reviewed studies published in English between January 2009 and March 2015. We identified a total of 31 articles of which 16, 17, and 16 studies examined the effects of Cd, Mn, or metal mixtures, respectively. Based on our review, there is suggestive evidence that prenatal/childhood Cd exposure may be associated with poorer cognition, but additional research is clearly needed. We found little evidence of behavioral effects of early life Cd exposure, and no studies found a significant relationship with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Studies of early life Mn exposure consistently reported negative impacts on both cognition and behavior. There is also growing evidence that co-exposure to multiple metals can result in increased neurotoxicity compared to single metal exposures, in particular during early life. Few studies have evaluated behavioral effects related to metal co-exposures.

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Effects of cadmium, manganese, and lead on locomotor activity and neurexin 2a expression in zebrafish

Fan

Chen

et al. 2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The synaptic adhesion protein Neurexin 2a (Nrxn2a) plays a key role in neuronal development and is associated with cognitive functioning and locomotor behavior. Although low-level metal exposure poses a potential risk to the human nervous system, especially during the developmental stages, little is known about the effects of metal exposures on nrxn2a expression during embryonic development. We therefore exposed wild-type zebrafish embryos/larvae to cadmium (CdCl ), manganese (MnCl ), and lead ([CH COO] Pb), to determine their effect on mortality, malformation, and hatching rate. Concentrations of these metals in zebrafish were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. Locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae was analyzed using a video-track tracking system. Expression of nrxn2a was assessed by in situ hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that mortality, malformation, and bioaccumulation increased as the exposure dosages and duration increased. Developmental exposure to these metals significantly reduced larval swim distance and velocity. The nrxn2aa and nrxn2ab genes were expressed in the central nervous system and downregulated by almost all of the 3 metals, especially Pb. These data demonstrate that exposure to metals downregulates nrxn2a in the zebrafish model system, and this is likely linked to concurrent developmental processes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2147-2154. © 2017 SETAC.

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Performance IQ in children is associated with blood cadmium concentration in early pregnancy

Cited by 52 publications

References 49 publications

Impact of prenatal exposure to cadmium on cognitive development at preschool age and the importance of selenium and iodine

Impact of prenatal exposure to cadmium on cognitive development at preschool age and the importance of selenium and iodine

Perinatal and Childhood Exposure to Cadmium, Manganese, and Metal Mixtures and Effects on Cognition and Behavior: A Review of Recent Literature

Effects of cadmium, manganese, and lead on locomotor activity and neurexin 2a expression in zebrafish

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