Performance, intestinal microflora, and amino acid digestibility altered by exogenous enzymes in broilers fed wheat- or sorghum-based diets

Abstract

The objective of the current study was to compare the effects of dietary enzymes and nutrient restriction on performance and bone mineralization in birds fed wheat- or sorghum-based diets. A total of 720 d-old male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 8 treatments, with 6 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. Birds were reared in floor pens from 0 to 35 d. The study used a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with 2 grains (sorghum or wheat) and 4 diets: positive control (no enzyme and ME, digestible Lys, Ca, and P sufficient, negative control (NC; no enzyme and reduced ME [-100 kcal/kg], digestible AA [-2%], Ca [-0.12 percentage points], and available P [-0.18 percentage points in the starter phase and -0.22 percentage points in the grower phase]), NC + nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes + phytase (500 phytase units [FTU]; NCCP), and NC + phytase (1,000 FTU; NCP). From 0 to 35 d, birds fed wheat-based diets had greater G:F (4.5%), BW gain (9.2%), breast meat yield (6.8%), and tibia ash (2.0%) compared with birds fed sorghum-based diets. Across grain types, the NCCP treatment improved BW gain ( < 0.001), feed intake ( < 0.001), G:F ( < 0.05), and livability ( < 0.001) compared with the NC treatment. Birds fed NCP had greater BW gain ( < 0.001), feed intake ( < 0.001), G:F ( < 0.001), and livability ( < 0.001) compared with birds fed NC. Birds fed the NCP diet had greater BW gain ( < 0.001), toe ash ( < 0.01), and tibia ash ( < 0.001) compared with birds fed the NCCP diet. There was a grain × diet interaction for feed intake ( < 0.01), BW gain ( < 0.001), tibia ash ( < 0.01), and tibia breaking strength ( < 0.05). The influence of enzymes was more pronounced in sorghum-based diets than in wheat-based diets. Birds fed wheat-based diets had greater ileal digestibility of His, Met, Val, Phe, Ile, Leu, Trp, Glu, Pro, Ala, Tyr, and Cys compared with those fed sorghum-based diets ( < 0.05). Across grain types, NCP had greater apparent ileal digestibility of Met, Lys, Ser, Pro, Gly, and Cys than NC ( < 0.05). The results suggest that wheat is superior to sorghum for broilers, as expected, but that enzyme supplementation has the capability to restore the compromised bird performance due to feeding sorghum. In addition, compared with nonstarch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and phytase (500 FTU/kg feed) added in concert, phytase supplemented at 1,000 FTU/kg resulted in a further improvement of some of the performance and bone mineralization parameters in male broilers fed sorghum-based diets.

Effects of Major Families of Modulators on Performances and Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Poultry, Pigs and Ruminants: A Systematic Approach

“…In the selection of articles, the enzymes of interest in poultry were phytase or glucanases in combination with xylanases [ 47 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 55 ]. Glucanase combined with xylanase did not induce an improvement in body weight, feed intake or FCR, which was partly explained by the absence of modulation of the structure of the intestinal villi [ 47 , 51 , 54 ].…”

“…Glucanase combined with xylanase did not induce an improvement in body weight, feed intake or FCR, which was partly explained by the absence of modulation of the structure of the intestinal villi [ 47 , 51 , 54 ]. However, phytase induced an increase in body weight gain [ 53 , 55 ]. Most studies showed that enzymes had no effect on the abundance of lactic-acid-producing bacteria or even on intestinal and caecal pH [ 47 , 51 , 54 , 55 ].…”

“…However, phytase induced an increase in body weight gain [ 53 , 55 ]. Most studies showed that enzymes had no effect on the abundance of lactic-acid-producing bacteria or even on intestinal and caecal pH [ 47 , 51 , 54 , 55 ]. In addition, the enzymes failed to modulate the abundance of zoonotic and/or pathogenic bacteria [ 51 , 53 , 54 ].…”

Effects of nonantibiotic growth promoter combinations on growth performance, nutrient utilization, digestive enzymes, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora of broilers

“…In our study, dietary treatments failed to modify the overall diversity of cecal microbiota at 21 and 42 d. These results were consistent with previous reports. Current research indicates that supplementation with BS [ 91 ], FOS, MOS [ 40 ], SB [ 92 ], MAN [ 93 ], and PT [ 94 ] has no effect on the diversity and community structure of cecal microbiota in broilers. In fact, aging has a greater impact on microbiota than that of therapy [ 95 ].…”

Effects of nonantibiotic alternative growth promoter combinations on nutrient utilization, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora of broilers

“…In our study, dietary treatments failed to modify the overall diversity of cecal microbiota at 21 and 42 d. These results were consistent with previous reports. Current research indicates that supplementation with BS [76], FOS, MOS [23], SB [77], MAN [78], and PT [79] has no effect on the diversity and community structure of cecal microbiota in broilers. In fact, aging has a greater impact on microbiota than that of therapy [80].…”