Performance Improvement of Brillouin Ring Laser Based BOTDR System Employing a Wavelength Diversity Technique

Lalam, Nageswara; Ng, Wai Pang; Dai, Xuewu; Wu, Qiang; Fu, Yong Qing

doi:10.1109/jlt.2017.2766765

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…To improve the flexibility of the dynamic sensing system, single-end-access measurement techniques are desired to be proposed [63]; (3) for SpBS-based sensors, the measurement accuracy is relatively poor due to the low system SNR, which restricts its applications in real-world environments. Therefore, new techniques and concepts are in demand to improve the SNR of the sensing systems [64,65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slope-Assisted Brillouin-Based Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing Techniques

Fan¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

et al. 2021

Adv Devices Instrum

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Brillouin-based fiber-optic sensing has been regarded as a powerful distributed measurement tool for monitoring the conditions of modern large civil and geotechnical structures, since it provides continuous environmental information (e.g., temperature and strain) along the whole fiber used for sensing applications. In the past few decades, great research efforts were devoted to improve its performance in terms of measurement range, spatial resolution, measurement speed, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness, of which the slope-assisted measurement scheme, achieved by exploiting the linear slope of the Brillouin gain spectrum (BGS), have paved the way for dynamic distributed fiber-optic sensing. In this article, slope-assisted Brillouin-based distributed fiber-optic sensing techniques demonstrated in the past few years will be reviewed, including the slope-assisted Brillouin optical time-domain analysis/reflectometry (SA-BOTDA/SA-BOTDR), the slope-assisted Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG) sensor, and the slope-assisted Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis/reflectometry (SA-BOCDA/SA-BOCDR). Avenues for future research and development of slope-assisted Brillouin-based fiber-optic sensors are also prospected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slope-Assisted Brillouin-Based Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing Techniques

Fan¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

et al. 2021

Adv Devices Instrum

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“…The proposed system can be further exploited into DWDM and CWDM based communication system to improve the system performance in terms of larger bandwidth/higher data rate [15]. Furthermore, the BOTDR sensor system can be integrated with other emerging techniques, such as Raman amplification, pump pulse coding and wavelength diversity techniques [19] for further improvement in sensor system performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Radio-Over-Fiber Communication System and BOTDR Sensor System

Lalam

Dai

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate for the first time, the integration of a radio-over-fiber (RoF) communication system and a Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR) distributed sensor system using a single optical fiber link. In this proof-of-concept integrated system, the communication system is composed of three modulation formats of quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) and 64-QAM, which are modulated onto an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. Whereas, the BOTDR sensor system is used for strain and/or temperature monitoring over the fiber distance with a spatial resolution of 5 m using a 25 km single-mode silica fiber. The error vector magnitude (EVM) is analyzed in three modulation formats in the presence of various BOTDR input pump powers. Using QPSK modulation, optimized 18 dBm sensing and 10 dBm data power, the measured EVM values with and without bandpass filter are 3.5% and 14.5%, respectively. The proposed system demonstrates a low temperature measurement error (±0.49 • C at the end of 25 km) and acceptable EVM values, which were within the 3GPP requirements. The proposed integrated system can be effectively applied for practical applications, which significantly reduces the fiber infrastructure cost by effective usage of a single optical fiber link.Sensors 2020, 20, 2232 2 of 8 ago, the use of Brillouin based distributed fiber sensor systems for structural health monitoring applications has increased rapidly [5,6], due to their high measurement range up to tens of kilometers. The familiar techniques in time-domain based Brillouin fiber sensors are; Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometry (BOTDR) [7] and Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) [8]. The BOTDR system is implemented using spontaneous Brillouin scattering (SpBS) which requires access to one end of the fiber. The BOTDA system uses stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) with counter-propagating continuous probe wave and access to both ends of the fiber is essential. Providing a new fiber infrastructure for a distributed sensing system comes at a huge cost with much complexity, which discourages their widespread use. Therefore, sharing an existing data transmission fiber infrastructure for distributed sensing offers cost-effectiveness and efficiency savings. For example, the railway industry uses a fiber infrastructure installed along the track-side for data transmission. The integration of distributed sensing system with the existing optical cable can be used for real-time condition monitoring of land-slides, track ballast, snowdrifts, flooding and line-side fire detection [9]. The integration of distributed sensing and active data transmission using a single optical fiber is an unexplored area of research.In this paper, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept of simultaneous integration of fiber communication system and the BOTDR sensor system using a single optical fiber, demonstrating the performance of both systems experimentally. For...

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“…Then, they embedded a Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) into the BOTDR system as local oscillator to reduce the receiver bandwidth in the order of a few MHz. Using the proposed techniques above, they eventually obtained 5.1 dB SNRI over a 50 km sensing fiber with a spatial resolution of 5 m, which was equivalent to a 180% improvement compared with the conventional BOTDR system [51]. In 2018, Zhang et al theoretically analyzed the channel capacity of WDM-based BOTDRs in detail by considering the fiber dispersion and nonlinear effects in sensing fibers.…”

Section: Performance Improvement Of Botdrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To avoid having to use such wide-bandwidth DAQ, various schemes have been proposed in BOTDR to reduce electronic bandwidth. It was previously reported that the Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) can be treated as the local reference light in traditional heterodyne-detection BOTDR to reduce the electronic bandwidth request of DAQ from ~11 GHz to hundreds of MHz [51,96,117]. However, the traditional BFL suffered from the very large volume due to the essential reference fiber with the length of a few or tens of kilometers.…”

Section: Performance Improvement Of Botdrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry

Bai

Wang

et al. 2019

Sensors

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In the past two decades Brillouin-based sensors have emerged as a newly-developed optical fiber sensing technology for distributed temperature and strain measurements. Among these, the Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (BOTDR) has attracted more and more research attention, because of its exclusive advantages, including single-end access, simple system architecture, easy implementation and widespread field applications. It is realized mainly by injecting optical pulses into the fiber and detecting the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS), which is linearly related to the change of ambient temperature and axial strain of the sensing fiber. In this paper, the authors provide a review of new progress on performance improvement and applications of BOTDR in the last decade. Firstly, the recent advances in improving the performance of BOTDRs are summarized, such as spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio and measurement accuracy, measurement speed, cross sensitivity and other properties. Moreover, novel-type optical fibers bring new characteristics to optic fiber sensors, hence we introduce the different Brillouin sensing features of special fibers, mainly covering the plastic optical fiber, photonic crystal fiber, few-mode fiber and other special fibers. Additionally, we present a brief overview of BOTDR application scenarios in many industrial fields and intelligent perception, including structural health monitoring of large-range infrastructure, geological disaster prewarning and other applications. To conclude, we discuss several challenges and prospects in the future development of BOTDRs.

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Performance Improvement of Brillouin Ring Laser Based BOTDR System Employing a Wavelength Diversity Technique

Cited by 30 publications

References 24 publications

Slope-Assisted Brillouin-Based Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing Techniques

Slope-Assisted Brillouin-Based Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing Techniques

Integrating Radio-Over-Fiber Communication System and BOTDR Sensor System

Recent Advances in Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry

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